<em>Arabica coffee is a perennial crop hence it has a long selection cycle. Therefore, efforts to shorten the selection process is necessary, such as at seedling stage. This study aims to identify morpho-physiological characters variability among Arabica coffee cultivars at seedling stage. The experiment was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Garden of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi, from January to October 2017. Seeds collected from open pollinated trees of four arabica coffee cultivars (Ateng Super, P88, Gayo 1, and Gayo 2) were then sown on seedbed and newly-emerged cotyledonous seedlings were transferred immediately into polyethylene bag (polybag). Seedlings were arranged in randomized complete block with 5 replications, each consisted of 10 seedlings of each cultivar. Morpho-physiological characters observed and analyzed were shoot (plant height, lateral shoot formation, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, shoot’s dry weight); leaves (number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, L/W ratio, leaf area, stomata density , chlorophyll content); and root (root length, number of primary roots, root volume, root’s dry weight, root/shoot ratio). The result showed value of genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and broad sense heritability (h<sup>2</sup><sub>bs</sub>) of plant height characters are classified as high, each of which is 21.66%; 23.66%; and 0.84, respectively. The characters of the stem length and leaf width showed high h<sup>2</sup><sub>bs</sub> value (0.97 and 0.67 respectively), while the KKG and KKF values were classified as moderate (19.60% and 19.88%, respectively and 10.71% and 13.10%, respectively). Those three characters could be utilized as distincitive markers of the four Arabica coffee cultivars.</em>
Yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plant, in form of cocoa seeds, is produced through the process of sexual reproduction. Pollination plays an important role in the successful formation of cocoa fruit and seeds. In addition, number of ovules per ovary, degree of self-incompatibility, and xenia effect are also affected the final yield. Those characters are determined by genetic factors. Cocoa flowers that are not pollinated fall within 24 hours and fail to develop into fruits and seeds. Pollination intensity up to a certain level showed a significant effect on increasing the percentage of fruit formation and the number of seeds per fruit. The role of pollinating insects, especially from the Ceratopogonidae family, is very important in dispersing pollen grains, allowing the natural pollination process to be occurred.Keywords: fertilization, xenia, meta-xenia, pollinator. AbstrakHasil tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) adalah berupa biji yang dihasilkan melalui proses reproduksi seksual. Polinasi memegang peranan penting dalam keberhasilan pembentukan buah dan biji tanaman kakao. Selain itu, hasil akhir tanaman kakao juga dipengaruhi oleh karakter jumlah ovul per ovarium, tingkat inkompatibilitas sendiri, dan efek xenia. Karakter-karakter tersebut dikendalikan secara genetik. Bunga kakao yang tidak diserbuki akan gugur dalam waktu 24 jam dan gagal berkembang menjadi buah dan biji. Intensitas polinasi hingga level tertentu menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap peningkatan persentase pembentukan buah dan jumlah biji per buah. Peran serangga penyerbuk, terutama dari famili Ceratopogonidae, sangat penting dalam menyebarkan polen sehingga proses polinasi secara alami dapat terjadi.Kata Kunci: pembuahan, xenia, meta-xenia, polinator
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.