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This article sets out to investigate and rank the factors that affect labor productivity in the Egyptian construction industry. To achieve this, a quantitative research methodology is adopted and it entails the use of structured survey questionnaires. The data obtained was analysed using the relative importance index. The results from the analysis revealed ten major factors affecting labor productivity in the construction industry in Egypt. These factors are: tools and equipment shortages; delay in material delivery on site; payment delay; undisciplined labor; material shortage; rework; labor expensive and skills; low quality of raw material; waiting for equipment to arrive; and on-site accident. Consequently, these findings would serve as a useful tool and a basis to make recommendations to governmental and construction personnel regarding the productivity of labor in the Egyptian construction industry.

The electrical impedance of an engineered cementitious composite was measured over the temperature range 7-60°c and data are presented over the frequency range 20Hz-1MHz. The work has highlighted that the resistive and reactive components of the complex impedance both displayed an inverse relationship with temperature. When presented in an Arrhenius format, the bulk resistance displayed a linear response over the entire temperature range studied and the activation energy, Ea , for electrical conduction was evaluated as 21.7 kJ/mol (0.22 eV/ion).