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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel strain of coronavirus that is recently identified as an etiological agent for the current pandemic respiratory illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease might have a zoonotic origin and has infected > 19 million people around the globe with > 700,000 deaths. The published data indicate that children are generally less susceptible to contracting COVID-19. Here, we are providing a review on current hypotheses that have tried to explain the low mortality and morbidity rate among children. We believe that understanding the immunological base of children's protection can prevent further spread of the disease.

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In the city of Wuhan, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first recognized among humans at the end of December 2019, and has since spread to every country around the world. The emergence of this new coronavirus has attracted global attention to work towards finding a treatment and developing an effective vaccine against the virus. In this study, we sequence a full genome of SARS-COV-2 isolated from a male patient in the city of Erbil, Iraq. The virus was sequenced using Sanger sequencer and 21 distinct mutations were found in our isolate compared to the full genome sequence of the SARS-COV-2 isolated from the city of Wuhan/China (Accession number: NC_045512.2). Sequence analysis showed that four of the mutations were located at the spike glycoprotein (S), and ten of them were in nonstructural proteins (nsp1, nsp3, nsp12, and orf3a), which had been shown to be related to structural changes at various sites. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis and transmission supported the conclusion that the cases in Iraq were of independent origins of infections and had a close relation to the isolates from Iran. This is the first report on the DNA sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 genome isolated from the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

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