Biceps tenodesis is a predictable, safe, and effective treatment for failed arthroscopic SLAP tears at a minimum 2-year follow-up. The majority of patients obtained good to excellent outcomes using validated measures with a significant improvement in range of motion.

A new design for a thermomagnetic generator is described where the magnetic field that is applied to the working magnetic material is cycled as the working magnetic material is thermally cycled. The magnetic field is produced by a superconducting coil. The energy generated and the efficiency of the thermomagnetic generator are given for various operating conditions using gadolinium as the working magnetic material. Hysteresis losses in the superconductor are considered as well as thermal transfer rates between a working thermal fluid and the magnetic material.

Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. We show that for a Dirac field the assumption of gauge invariance impacts on the way the vacuum state is defined, and also that the conventional definition of the vacuum state must be modified to take into account the requirements of gauge invariance.PACS No. 1100

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