Design of a thermomagnetic generator

Combined rejected and naturally available heat constitute an enormous energy resource that remains mostly untapped. Thermal energy harvesting can provide a cost-effective and reliable way to convert available heat into mechanical motion or electricity. This extensive review analyzes the literature covering broad topical areas under solid-state low temperature thermal energy harvesting. These topics include thermoelectricity, pyroelectricity, thermomagneticity, and thermoelasticity. For each topical area, a detailed discussion is provided comprising of basic physics, working principle, performance characteristics, state-of-the-art materials, and current generation devices. Technical advancements reported in the literature are utilized to analyze the performance, identify the challenges, and provide guidance for material and mechanism selection. The review provides a detailed analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each energy harvesting mechanism, which will provide guidance towards designing a hybrid thermal energy harvester that can overcome various limitations of the individual mechanism.

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“…For a thermomagnetic process, the power

P

and energy

E

supplied by voltage source to the unit volume of ferromagnetic material can be calculated as [142,143,145]:

P = \frac{v i}{A L} = H \frac{d B}{d t}

E = \int P d t = \int H d B = μ_{0} \int H d H + μ_{0} \int H d M

…”

Section: Thermomagnetic Energy Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods and Devices

2018

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“…The power density of shunt materials was measured above 20 W/kg, and the Carnot efficiency was calculated as 75%. At the end of the 1980s, Solomon proposed another regeneration process by using a Y 2 (Fe x Co 1‐x ) 17 alloy and obtained improved performance of a thermomagnetic generator by cycling the magnetic field. In this case, Gadolinium (Gd) was used as the working magnetic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power generation by a thermomagnetic engine by hybrid operation of an electromagnetic generator and a triboelectric nanogenerator

et al. 2019

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Summary This paper reports a thermomagnetic generator based on the magneto‐caloric effect of Gadolinium to scavenge low‐grade thermal energy and its eventual conversion into electrical energy. Gadolinium is one of the distinct materials whose Curie temperature is nearly room temperature. For this reason, a Gadolinium‐based thermomagnetic engine offers enormous possibilities to harness available waste heat from the industries. In this work, the performance of an electromagnetic generator (EMG) coupled with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was experimentally investigated as it is driven by a thermomagnetic engine exploiting low temperature waste heat. At the temperature difference of 46.5°C between the hot and cold water jets, the thermomagnetic engine produced an average rotational speed of 263 ± 1.5% rpm and a mechanical output power of 76.38 ± 0.5% mW. At the aforementioned rotational speed, the hybrid generator delivered a rectified peak voltage of 15.34 V on an open‐circuit, a short‐circuit current of 20.1 mA, and the largest power output, 12.1 mW, at a 120 Ω load. It was demonstrated that the proposed energy harvester could light dozens of light‐emitting diodes or power a digital thermometer. It is feasible that the proposed thermomagnetic generator can be utilized as an effective power source for various applications.

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“…The solution of the system (16) shows that the amplitude of the displacement is modulated and it increases in the transition period. The same is the behavior of the acceleration ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Fig 4 Temperature Deformation Vs Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermoacoustic heat engines, thermomagnetic engines, hydride heat generators can be divided into two groups: traveling wave, and standing wave devices [13][14][15]. Thermomagnetic engines rely on the change of magnetization of certain materials that occurs with change in temperature [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Investigation of a Hybrid Thermal Energy Harvester

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The presented paper deals with dynamical and experimental investigations of a hybrid energy harvester containing shape memory alloy (SMA) wire and elastic cantilever with piezoelectric layer. The SMA wire periodically changes its temperature under the influence of a heated plate that approaches and moves away from the SMA wire. The change of SMA wire length causes rotation of the hot plate. The plate is heated by a heater with constant temperature. The repeated SMA wire extensions and contractions bend the piezoelectric cantilever which generates electric charges. The shape memory effect is presented as a temperature approximation of the Young's modulus. A dynamical model of the energy harvester is created and some analytical investigations are presented. With the help of an experimental setup the acceleration, the force, the temperature, and the output voltage have been measured. The theoretical results are validated experimentally. Some conclusions are made about the best performance of the energy harvester.

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Design of a thermomagnetic generator

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

A Review on Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods and Devices

A Review on Low-Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting: Materials, Methods and Devices

Power generation by a thermomagnetic engine by hybrid operation of an electromagnetic generator and a triboelectric nanogenerator

Modelling and Investigation of a Hybrid Thermal Energy Harvester

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