This in vitro study aimed to assess the erosive effect of hydrochloric acid in association with toothbrushing procedure on the surface condition of three bulk-fill composite resins used for direct restoration. A total of 480 samples (160 from each composite resin): X-tra Fil (VOCO, Germany)—group A, Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior (3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA)—group B, G-aenial Posterior (GC Japan)—group C were prepared, submitted to chemical attack for 60 min with hydrochloric acid 30% and, subsequently, submitted to the abrasive effect of toothbrushing using 10,000 cycles with medium and hard bristles, at three different times (immediately and after 30 min after acid attack or without any chemical attack). The surface roughness of the samples was measured using a noncontact profilometer (Dektak XT, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). The values were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests, with a p < 0.05. Chemical attack for 60 min associated with one year of toothbrushing with toothbrushes having medium or hard bristles increase the surface roughness of tested bulk-fill composite resins. No differences were recorded between toothbrushing with medium or firm bristles immediately or 30 min after acidic challenge for each of the three bulk-fill composite resins. Exposure to hydrochloric acid determines no effect on surface roughness of bulk-fill composite resins.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of biomimetic self assembling peptides (P11 -4) on remineralization of acute and chronic incipient enamel lesions by microhardness analysis. Ten extracted permanent human teeth having incipient white spot lesions and ten extracted teeth with brown spot lesions on proximal surfaces were included in this study. Half of the extern surface of the lesions was covered with flowable composite resin (Vertise flow, Kerr Corporation) and served as negative control site. On the other half Curodont� Protect gel (Credentis AG, Windisch, Switzerland) was applied 2 times a week, 8 weeks (study). The teeth were cut mesio-distally using diamond disks under cooling water, perpendicularly to the extern surface of the lesions, in order that both areas (negative control and study) to be evaluated. The opposite proximal sound enamel on each section served as positive control. The subsurface microhardness of the enamel samples was determined using digital microhardness tester (MicroVickers Hardness System CV- 400DMTM, CV Instruments Namicon). On horizontal tooth sections indentations were made at 25�m (A1), 75 �m (A2), 125 �m (A3), 175 �m (A4), 225 �m (A5), and 275 �m (A6) bellow the extern surface of the lesions. For white spot and brown spot caries lesions, in both negative control and study groups, the VHN values increased from A1 to A6 areas. In study group VHN values were higher than in negative control group irrespective of the area of examination. The lowest VHN value was registered in negative control A1 area and the highest in study group A6 area. In all six areas of investigation, VHN values in negative control and study groups were lower than the values in positive control group. The use of self-assembling peptides on white spot and brown spot caries lesions increase the hardness of these lesions in the deeper layers of the lesions.
Background and aimsPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease, characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. There is an increasing evidence that periodontitis is associated with a number of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between periodontitis and certain systemic diseases by identifying their risk factors in a population from North-West Romania.MethodsA questionnaire-based study was conducted on participants ≥45 years of age in 4 dentistry or family medicine practices from the Cluj and Bihor counties, Romania, over a time frame spanning two months. The interviewer-administered questionnaire included 42 items assessing risk factors for periodontal and cardiovascular disease, current diagnostic and medical treatment of the participants, their diet and oral hygiene habits.ResultsOf 108 participants included in the study, 63 (58.3%) declared a previous diagnosis of periodontitis. A significant difference was observed between the participants with declared diagnosis of periodontitis (PD+) and participants without declared diagnosis of periodontitis (PD−) for fresh fruit consumption (p=0.01) and increased sport activity (p=0.009). A significant difference between groups was observed in the case of smoking duration (p=0.047), participants with >10 years of smoking were more likely to declare a diagnosis of periodontitis. Also, PD+ participants were more likely to have a family history of periodontal disease (p<0.001). Multivariate analyses suggested periodontitis as a predictive variable for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease with an OR of 4.85 (95% confidence interval 1.01–23.29, p=0.049).ConclusionOur study found a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and a known family history of periodontal disorders and smoking duration. Daily intake of fresh fruit and increased sport activities were found to be protective factors against periodontal disease, while periodontitis was found as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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