Sažetak: U radu se govori o analizi karakteristika pseudo-kohortnog metoda kao i o prednostima njegove primene u istraživanju mortaliteta. U odsustvu adekvatnih podataka ovaj metod omogućava jedan vid longitudinalne analize, odnosno praćenje generacijskih razlika u smrtnosti stanovništva putem podataka o mortalitetu tzv. pseudokohorti, veštački konstruisanoj seriji podataka, kod koje se za svaku generaciju podaci preuzimaju iz raspodele stvarnih specifičnih stopa smrtnosti tokom kalendarskih godina, a kroz koje su te kohorte praćene. Cilj rada jeste da doprinese diskusiji o drugačijim načinima upotrebe poznatih podataka vitalne statistike, ali i pre svega da pomogne u rasvetljavanju međuuticaja tri osnovne komponente koje oblikuju mortalitetne trendove: uticaj starenja, uticaj perioda i kohortni uticaj. Kako je u demografskoj literaturi uticaj starenja dobro objašnjen preko krive mortaliteta, dok se uticaj različitih perioda takođe može relativno precizno pratiti i analizirati, ostaje manje jasno kako se kohortni uticaji mogu izolovati i objasniti. Stoga se u ovom radu prikazuje postupak konstrukcije pseudo-kohorti na osnovu kojih se može izraditi grafički model koji ukazuje na postojanje ili odsustvo kohortnih efekata. Prikaz kohortnih uticaja predstavlja glavni rezultat istraživanja, sa manjim osvrtom na sofisticirani statističko-matematički model starost-period-kohorta (APC) koji je još uvek u razvoju, a koji daje mogućnost merenja doprinosa ovih komponenti promeni stope mortaliteta. U okviru istraživanja praćene su specifične stope mortaliteta jedanaest generacija rođenih između 1917. i 2016. godine. Rezultati analize prikazali su postojanje pravilnosti u opadanju nivoa smrtnosti prema starosti, kao i uticaj epoha na kretanje opštih stopa smrtnosti kroz vreme, ali i postojanje razlika između samih generacija i intenziteta datih promena tokom vremena.Abstract: Paper deals with analysis of the characteristics of the pseudo-cohort method and the benefits of its use in research of mortality. With absence of adequate data, this method gives the opportunity to use a type of longitudinal analysis, that is, monitoring generational differences in mortality of the population through data on mortality, socalled. pseudo-cohorts, constructed data series, in which data for each generation is taken from the distribution of actual specific mortality rates during the calendar years
This paper explores marital matching patterns from the perspective of the partners' educational attainment, focusing on the link between gender asymmetry in education and educational hypergamy. In order to assess to what extent the tendency for women to marry men of higher educational status is related to the educational gender gap in Serbia and Slovenia, we calculate an index for women's educational advantage, and an index for the prevalence of educational hypergamy. Our results confirm the following: the growth of education is associated with an increase in female educational advantage; the relationship between female educational advantage and educational hypergamy is strongly negative; and there are no significant differences in assortative mating patterns between Serbia and Slovenia.
The present work decomposes the recent increase in the labour force participation rate into two factors: the contribution of the age composition, and the contribution of the age- and sex-specific labour force participation rate. After a whole decade of stagnation, the labour force participation rate in Serbia has increased by 10% between 2012 and 2021, which opened the question of the deterministic basis for an in-creased economic activity in case of population that is aging and declining in size. For the purpose of decomposition, the method of overall rate decomposition has been used, which is considered to be the preferred standardization method. The results have shown that both the age composition as well as the age-specific labour force participation had a positive effect on the increase in overall economic activity. The effect of the age-specific labour force participation rates was significantly higher, contributing to more than 76% of the overall change, whereas the age composition resulted in only 22% change (25% change in case of male population, and 21% in case of female population). These findings shifted the research focus from aging population, as the key determinant of the labour force participation rate, towards the factors affecting the increase of specific age-related activity rates, but also towards the need to investigate the importance of other specific activity rates (apart from the age- and sex-related ones).
This paper examines marital market preferences and opportunities, given the gender asymmetry of education and the limited supply of equally educated partners (especially in the higher education segment), and explores selection patterns resulting from new composite changes for at-risk populations entering into a marriage. Specifically, we are researching mixed marriages by education and changes in the patterns of that selection in the former Yugoslav republics. The assessment of the impact of changes in educational characteristics by gender on patterns of marital pairing and the reduction of the level of educational hypergamy was performed by analysing the movement of F-index and H-index values from 1970 to 2020 and their correlation coefficient. The results showed that educational hypergamy is declining in all countries and that the decline in hypergamy is positively associated with the predominance of women among highly educated individuals.
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