Business process analysis is one of the most important and complex activities of Business Process Management. Business processes are typically defined by business experts which ask for graphical and user-friendly notations. Nevertheless most notations used typically lack precisely defined semantics limiting the possibility of analysis to informal approaches such as observation techniques. To support formal verification techniques it is necessary to define a precise mapping between the adopted user-friendly notation and a formal language.In this paper we propose a Java based verification approach for Business Processes modeled using the BPMN 2.0 standard. In particular, we defined a precise Java mapping for the main elements of the BPMN 2.0 notation. The relations among the different elements of a BPMN 2.0 specification are supported by the inclusion of specific attributes and methods in the created Java objects. The behavior of a set of interrelated objects, corresponding to a BPMN 2.0 specification, can be explored using an algorithm we defined for the purpose. Such an algorithm permits to avoid the state explosion phenomenon using an ad-hoc unfolding technique.A plug-in for the Eclipse IDE platform has been developed. It permits to have an integrated environment in which to design a business process, to verify it, and to check the result of the verification in order to improve the business process itself. This iterative approach can continue until all the issues highlighted by the verifier are solved. The approach and the prototype have been successfully applied to real scenarios within the Public Administration domain, with encouraging results.
Public Administration (PA) sector in modern society is characterized by the need to support extremely complex processes in order to provide services to citizens and business. Complexity is raised by the fact that the provisioning of services is, in the most cases, a collaborative activity shared among different, possibly many, PA offices. It is also true that in the modern PAs, transparency is one of the most important requirement to improve, on the one hand, administration efficiency and, on the other hand, citizens satisfaction. In this scenario the paper presents an approach and an IT tool supporting PAs collaboration and transparency named Scrivania. It allows Public Administration employee to model, publish their services and be guided by Business Processes models. Many PAs can collaborate in the modeling phase of services using the collaborative editor provided by Scrivania. Services are modeled using BPMN 2.0 OMG standard language for BP modeling. Instead, from the point of view of citizens, using Scrivania, they can search and execute the provided services, tracing their execution and, in case of delay, observe the state it occurs
Despite the growing availability of data, simulation technologies, and predictive analytics, it is not yet clear whether and under which conditions users will trust Decision Support Systems (DSS). DSS are designed to support users in making more informed decisions in specialized tasks through more accurate predictions and recommendations. This mixed-methods user study contributes to the research on trust calibration by analyzing the potential effects of integrated reliability indication in DSS user interfaces for process management in first-time usage situations characterized by uncertainty. Ten experts specialized in digital tools for construction were asked to test and assess two versions of a DSS in a renovation project scenario. We found that while users stated that they need full access to all information to make their own decisions, reliability indication in DSS tends to make users more willing to make preliminary decisions, with users adapting their confidence and reliance to the indicated reliability. Reliability indication in DSS also increases subjective usefulness and system reliability. Based on these findings, it is recommended that for the design of reliability indication practitioners consider displaying a combination of reliability information at several granularity levels in DSS user interfaces, including visualizations, such as a traffic light system, and to also provide explanations for the reliability information. Further research directions towards achieving trustworthy decision support in complex environments are proposed.
Abstract.Research works and surveys focusing on e-Government Digital Services availability and usage, reveal that often services are available but ignored by citizens. In our hypothesis this situation can be justified since defined service delivery processes do not sufficiently take into account social aspects and mainly focus just on technical aspects. Domain knowledge, related to how delivering high quality e-Government Digital Services, remains in most of the case in the mind of e-government stakeholders.To address these issues we have developed a quality framework to assess delivery process strategies of services. Moreover we have introduced a user-friendly approach permitting to assess, using formal verification techniques, a delivery process with respect to the defined quality framework. The approach has been also implemented in a plug-in for the Eclipse platform and it has been applied to real case scenarios from the Public Administration domain.In this paper we report and discuss the results we obtained from the conducted experiments. First of all the experiments provided encouraging results confirming that the approach we developed is applicable to the e-government domain. Moreover we discovered that delivery processes, defined for the services under study, reach low quality marks with respect to the framework.
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