taking in consideration the above mentioned results. In addition, that measurement of MMSE score closely linked to serum BDNF assay (a strong positive significant correlation). The findings could shed the light on the potential benefit of BDNF as a marker of mild cognitive impairment. Finally, the observed neuroprotective effect of metformin on cognitive impairment in T2DM might be due to its positive effect on serum BDNF level. Making it a favorable anti-diabetic drug to be used in AD-like dementia.The most common anterior segment abnormalities in the current study were: corneal opacity, deep anterior chamber, variable iris pattern an aphakia. The sclera and conjunctiva did not show significant abnormalities in the current study.• The most common posterior segment abnormalities in the present study were optic atrophy and an atrophic background retina.a cross sectional -observational study carried on 200 patient with type 2 DM (T2DM) (100 T2DM metformin treated patients and 100 T2DM insulin treated patients). After full informed consent was taken from the patients and approval of the ethical committee of faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University was fulfilled. The prevalence of MCI was estimated using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Test Score. Normal cognitive functions; MMSE test score was equal or above 26, but below 26 considered MCI.
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