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The learning of a second language before the primary language is fully developed may result in arrested development or loss of proficiency in the first language. Therefore, the finding that a child is delayed in both languages does not necessarily mean that the child has a language disorder. This article presents a case study of a child who was classified as communication disabled but seems to have suffered from language loss or arrested development of the primary language (Spanish) before attaining full competence in English. The child experienced a temporary delay of development in both languages but eventually mastered English.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted college students’ mental health and wellbeing. Even before the pandemic, young adults reported high mental health morbidity. During the pandemic, young adult college students faced unprecedented challenges, including campus closure and a pivot to fully online education.MethodsThis study employed a novel participatory approach to a Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in an introductory epidemiology course to examine factors students considered important regarding their experience during the pandemic. Two groups of undergraduate students enrolled in this course (one in Fall 2020 and another in Spring 2021) and participated in the CURE. A sub-group of these students continued after the class and are authors of this article. Through repeated cross-sectional surveys of college students’ peer groups in northern California in October 2020 and March 2021, this student/faculty collaborative research team evaluated depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and several other topics related to mental health among the students’ young adult community.ResultsThere was a high prevalence of anxiety (38.07% in October 2020 and 40.65% in March 2021), depression (29.85% in October 2020 and 27.57% in March 2021), and suicidal ideation (15.94% in October 2020 and 16.04% in March 2021). In addition, we identified the significant burden of loneliness for college students, with 58.06% of students reporting feeling lonely at least several days in the past two weeks. Strategies that students used to cope with the pandemic included watching shows, listening to music, or playing video games (69.01%), sleeping (56.70%), taking breaks (51.65%), and connecting with friends (52.31%) or family (51.21%). Many reported distressing household experiences: more than a third reporting loss of a job or income (34.27%) in the first year of the pandemic. We explain the participatory research approach and share empirical results of these studies.DiscussionWe found this participatory CURE approach led to novel, experience-based research questions; increased student motivation; real-world benefits such as combatting imposter syndrome and supporting graduate school intentions; integration of teaching, research, and service; and development of stronger student-faculty relationships. We close with recommendations to support student wellbeing and promote student engagement in research.

application of TM-1 signifi cantly suppressed the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in aorta allografts using BN rats as donors and LEW rats as recipients. In contrast, the aorta treated with control protein showed severe intimal proliferation and luminal narrowing. The infi ltrating leukocytes including CD45, CD4, ED-1 cells were signifi cantly less in TM-1-treated aorta allografts as compared with control protein-treated allografts. Sera levels of anti-donor antibodies were signifi cantly diminished in rats bearing TM-1-treated allografts. In addition, suppressive effects of TM-1 were associated with less IL-17A production in allografts in early and late phases after transplantation. In conclusions, the newly generated TM-1 protein represents a novel agent for the treatment of transplant arteriosclerosis in clinical organ transplantation. Mammalian target-of-rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) are increasingly used in heart transplant (HT) recipients. Dyslipidemia is a side effect associated to mTORi but the magnitude of this effect, when they are used in combination with statins, is less known and it is also not well known if there are differences between the 2 mTORi currently available for clinical use: sirolimus (SIR) and everolimus (EVE). Aim: To asses changes in lipid levels in HT recipients who received treatment with everolimus or sirolimus, each of them in combination with statins. Method: Retrospective analysis of lipid profi le in HT recipients treated with statins and mTORi. Each recipient received statin therapy with pravastatin, fl uvastatin or atorvastatin. Variables: Type of mTORi: SIR or EVE; Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL) were assessed before (time 0) and at 6 and 12 months after initiation mTORi therapy. Statistical analysis: student t test for paired samples comparing lipid levels at 6 and 12 months to basal (time 0). Results: 52 HT recipients (92.3% male, mean age 57.9 ± 7.4 years) treated with mTORi, SIR (n= 43) and EVE (n=9) were analyzed. Follow-up time:27 ± 19 months. TC and TG increased signifi cantly in patients received SIR group but not in EVE group. TC at 0, 6 and 12 months were 174 ±20.4, 213±35 and 212 ± 38 p<0.001 for SIR group vs 195 ±37, 221.2±47 and 215 ± 11.5 p=NS for EVE group. TG at 0, 6 and 12 months were 136 ±53, 173±74 (p<0.01) and 164 ± 80.5 (p<0.03) for SIR group vs 159 ±141.7, 164±56.7 and 132.52 (p=NS) for EVE group. No differences between 0 and at 6 and 12 months were found regarding HDL neither SIR nor EVE groups. Conclusions: In our series of HT recipients receiving statins, mTORi therapy is associated with a signifi cant increase of TC and TG at 6 and 12 months if the mTOR used is SIR while this is not observed with EVE. Although the smaller sample size of EVE group could limit scientifi c evidence our results, it seems reasonable to better study these differences between this two mTORi in a ranzomized trial. In liver transplantation, the liver can be injured as a result of ischaemia, reperfusion, rejection and infection. T...