Vection can be regarded as the illusion of “whole-body” position perception. In contrast, the mirror illusion is that of “body-part” position perception. When participants viewed their left hands in a mirror positioned along the midsaggital axis while moving both hands synchronously, they hardly noticed the spatial offset between the hand in the mirror and the obscured real right hand. This illusion encompasses two phenomena: proprioceptive drift and sense of agency. Proprioceptive drift represented a perceptual change in the position of the obscured hand relative to that of the hand in the mirror. Sense of agency referred to the participants' subjective sense of controlling body image as they would their own bodies. We examined the spatial offset between these two phenomena. Participants responded to a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) question regarding the subjective position of their right hands and questionnaires regarding sense of agency at various positions of the right hand. We analyzed the 2AFC data using a support vector machine and compared its classification result and the questionnaire results. Our data analysis suggested that the two phenomena were observed in concentric space, but the estimated range of the proprioceptive drift was slightly narrower than the range of agency. Although this outcome can be attributed to differences in measurement or analysis, to our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that proprioceptive drift and sense of agency are concentric and almost overlap.
A b s t r a c t : I n t h i s p a p e r , t h e effect of mesa structures on the coupled vibrations of AT-cut quartz plates is analyzed based on twc-dimensional equations of m o t i o n The mesa structures are used to obtain erective energy trapping and to separate the thickness-shear (TS) and thickness-flexural (TF) modes spatially. First, the effect of the bi-mesa structure is analyzed. The calculated displacement field confirms that tlte TS mode is confined to the mesa portion and the TF mode is localized in the thinner portion. The couplingstrength estimated from the mode chart decreases to about one-fifth t h a t of conventional resonators. Although the coupling reduction between the TS and TF modes can be ohtained when using the planwmesastrncture, the asymmetric geometry of the structure increases the coupling between the TS and extensional modes.
Force-feedback enhances digital touch by enabling users to share non-verbal aspects such as rhythm, poses, and so on. To achieve this, interfaces actuate the user’s to touch involuntarily (using exoskeletons or electrical-muscle-stimulation); we refer to this as computer-driven touch. Unfortunately, forcing users to touch causes a loss of their sense of agency. While researchers found that delaying the timing of computer-driven touch preserves agency, they only considered the naïve case when user-driven touch is aligned with computer-driven touch. We argue this is unlikely as it assumes we can perfectly predict user-touches. But, what about all the remainder situations: when the haptics forces the user into an outcome they did not intend or assists the user in an outcome they would not achieve alone? We unveil, via an experiment, what happens in these novel situations. From our findings, we synthesize a framework that enables researchers of digital-touch systems to trade-off between haptic-assistance vs. sense-of-agency.
Strip A
T-cut quartz resonators have recently been developed and are widely used in frequency applications because of their small size. Many spurious resonances can be supported in a rectangular A
T-cut plate. Therefore, analysis of the influence of both the X and Z
′ dimensions of the plate upon the spurious characteristics is necessary to design the strip resonators. However, it is very difficult to exactly solve three-dimensional equations of elasticity. The practical analysis of spurious characteristics has been carried out on the basis of approximate two-dimensional equations. In this paper, the applicability of Lee's two-dimensional equations to A
T-cut plates is examined. The resonant frequencies are calculated as a function of X-length, and are compared to Koga's experimental data. The result shows that new correction factors should be introduced in the equations in order to adjust the approximate values of wave numbers for the thickness-flexure waves propagating in X and Z
′ directions.
The combination of a "rigid" chiral bicyclic cis-1,2-diamine skeleton with steric bulkiness and a "flexible" achiral linker was newly designed as a bifunctional organocatalyst framework and it showed excellent catalytic activity of up to 0.05 mol%, accompanied by the reversal of enantioselection depending on the position of the linker, in an amine-thiourea organocatalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction.
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