The mirror illusion: does proprioceptive drift go hand in hand with sense of agency?

Tajima, Daisuke; Mizuno, Tota; Kume, Yuichiro; Yoshida, Takako

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00200

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2. Create or obtain the questionnaire assessing sense of ownership and agency (e.g., 10,13,16 ). Table 1 shows examples from this questionnaire used in the previous study 15 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Define the right hand's positions for collecting the participant's responses on the questionnaire about sense of ownership and agency. For example, in a previous publication 16 , there were 13 prefixed right hand positions. These points were arranged every 7 cm up to ± 21 cm from the origin.…”

Section: Experiments Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sense of agency corresponds to the sensation that body movement is self-caused. These two sensations are defined as the minimal self, that is, an immediate sense of the self 16 . According to this concept, the attribution of the "self" for the natural, damaged, virtual, and mechanical bodies can be evaluated by the same indexes: the sense of ownership and agency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note: If a non-parametric method that suits the experiment is lacking, use a parametric method and explain the reasoning. In a previous study 16 , a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA analyzed the questionnaire data, as there was no non-parametric substitute for this analysis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Tajima

Mizuno

Kume

et al. 2016

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Proprioceptive drift, which is a perceptual shift in body-part position from the unseen real body to a visible body-like image, has been measured as the behavioral correlate for the sense of ownership. Previously, the estimation of proprioceptive drift was limited to one spatial dimension, such as height, width, or depth. As the hand can move freely in 3D, measuring proprioceptive drift in only one dimension is not sufficient for the estimation of the drift in real life situations. In this article, we provide a novel method to estimate proprioceptive drift on a 2D plane using the mirror illusion by combining an objective behavioral measurement (hand position tracking) and subjective, phenomenological assessment (subjective assessment of hand position and questionnaire) with a sophisticated machine learning approach. This technique permits not only an investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the sense of ownership and agency but also assists in the rehabilitation of a missing or paralyzed limb and in the design rules of real-time control systems with a self-body-like usability, in which the operator controls the system as if it were part of his/her own body.

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“…2. Create or obtain the questionnaire assessing sense of ownership and agency (e.g., 10,13,16 ). Table 1 shows examples from this questionnaire used in the previous study 15 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Tajima

Mizuno

Kume

et al. 2016

JoVE

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The proprioceptive senses associated with more proximal intact sensory organs around the shoulder and elbow could have affected the observed proprioceptive drift (Proske and Gandevia, 2012). There is also evidence that proprioceptive drift and agency may respond similarly (Tajima et al, 2015) and be task dependent (Shibuya et al, 2017). Proprioceptive drift may, therefore, be expected to differ between passive and active conditions, such that there is a stronger influence of motor control on this measurement of embodiment specifically.…”

Section: Active Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanotactile Sensory Feedback Improves Embodiment of a Prosthetic Hand During Active Use

et al. 2020

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There have been several advancements in the field of myoelectric prostheses to improve dexterity and restore hand grasp patterns for persons with upper limb loss, including robust control strategies, novel sensory feedback, and multifunction prosthetic terminal devices. Although these advancements have shown to improve prosthesis performance, a key element that may further improve acceptance is often overlooked. Embodiment, which encompasses the feeling of owning, controlling and locating the device without the need to constantly look at it, has been shown to be affected by sensory feedback. However, the specific aspects of embodiment that are influenced are not clearly understood, particularly when a prosthesis is actively controlled. In this work, we used a sensorized simulated prosthesis in able-bodied participants to investigate the contribution of sensory feedback, active motor control, and the combination of both to the components of embodiment; using a common methodology in the literature, namely the rubber hand illusion (RHI). Our results indicate that (1) the sensorized simulated prosthesis may be embodied by able-bodied users in a similar fashion as prosthetic devices embodied by persons with upper limb amputation, and (2) mechanotactile sensory feedback might not only be useful for improving certain aspects of embodiment, i.e., ownership and location, but also may have a modulating effect on other aspects, namely sense of agency, when provided asynchronously during active motor control tasks. This work may allow us to further investigate and manipulate factors contributing to the complex phenomenon of embodiment in relation to active motor control of a device, enabling future study of more precise quantitative measures of embodiment that do not rely as much on subjective perception.

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Body ownership and the absence of touch: approaching the rubber hand inside and outside peri-hand space

et al. 2018

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It is widely accepted that the integration of visual and tactile information is a necessity to induce ownership over a rubber hand. This idea has recently been challenged by Ferri et al. (Proc R Soc B 280:1-7, 2013), as they found that sense of ownership was evident by mere expectation of touch. In our study, we aimed to further investigate this finding, by studying whether the mere potential for touch yields a sense of ownership similar in magnitude to that resulting from actually being touched. We conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, our set-up was the classical horizontal set-up (similar to Botvinick and Cohen, Nature 391:756, 1998). Sixty-three individuals were included and performed the classical conditions (synchronous, asynchronous), an approached but not touched (potential for touch), and a 'visual only' condition. In the second experiment, we controlled for differences between the current set-up and the vertical set-up used by Ferri et al. (Proc R Soc B 280:1-7, 2013). Fifteen individuals were included and performed a synchronous and various approaching conditions [i.e., vertical approach, horizontal approach, and a control approach (no hands)]. In our first experiment, we found that approaching the rubber hand neither induced a larger proprioceptive drift nor a stronger subjective sense of ownership than asynchronous stimulation did. Generally, our participants gained most sense of ownership in the synchronous condition, followed by the visual only condition. When using a vertical set-up (second experiment), we confirmed previous suggestions that tactile expectation was able to induce embodiment over a foreign hand, similar in magnitude to actual touch, but only when the real and rubber hand were aligned on the vertical axis, thus along the trajectory of the approaching stimulus. These results indicate that our brain uses bottom-up sensory information, as well as top-down predictions for building a representation of our body.

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The mirror illusion: does proprioceptive drift go hand in hand with sense of agency?

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Mechanotactile Sensory Feedback Improves Embodiment of a Prosthetic Hand During Active Use

Body ownership and the absence of touch: approaching the rubber hand inside and outside peri-hand space

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