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Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave (LE-ESW) treatment has been shown to accelerate wound repair; however, the mechanisms of treatment remain unclear. In the present study, we addressed the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A single LE-ESW treatment accelerated the healing of wounds in diabetic mice caused by the injection of streptozotocin. This accelerated healing was accompanied by the increased expression of eNOS and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the generation of new vessels at the wound tissues. These results raised the possibility that eNOS may be involved in the beneficial effects of LE-ESW treatment. To address this possibility, we compared the effects of this treatment between mice with a genetic disruption of eNOS knockout (eNOS-KO mice) and wild-type (WT) control mice. Interestingly, the LE-ESW-induced acceleration of wound closure and the increase in VEGF expression and neovascularization was significantly attenuated in eNOS-KO mice compared with WT mice. Considered collectively, these results showed that eNOS was induced at the wound tissues by LE-ESW treatment and played a critical role in the therapeutic effects of this treatment by accelerating the wound healing by promoting VEGF expression and neovascularization.

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Increased (99m)Tc-MIBI washout may predict mitochondrial dysfunction and the impairment of myocardial contractile and relaxation reserves during dobutamine stress in DCM patients.

The isoholonomic problem in a homogeneous bundle is formulated and solved exactly. The problem takes a form of a boundary value problem of a variational equation. The solution is applied to the optimal control problem in holonomic quantum computer. We provide a prescription to construct an optimal controller for an arbitrary unitary gate and apply it to a k-dimensional unitary gate which operates on an N-dimensional Hilbert space with N ജ 2k. Our construction is applied to several important unitary gates such as the Hadamard gate, the CNOT gate, and the two-qubit discrete Fourier transformation gate. Controllers for these gates are explicitly constructed.

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Holonomic quantum computation is analyzed from geometrical viewpoint. We develop an optimization scheme in which an arbitrary unitary gate is implemented with a small circle in a complex projective space. Exact solutions for the Hadamard, CNOT and 2-qubit discrete Fourier transformation gates are explicitly constructed. (Shogo Tanimura), daisuke hayashi 0102@nifty.com (Daisuke Hayashi), nakahara@math.kindai.ac.jp (Mikio Nakahara).

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