“…The cytokines TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-8 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the pathology of inflammatory skin disorders, whilst IL-10 on the other hand, is an immunosuppressive cytokine capable of down-regulating inflammation (Numerof and Asadullah, 2006;Noh and Lee, 2012). TNF-α, IL-18 and IL-8 have also been shown to play a role in wound healing (Kanno et al, 2013;Kampfer et al, 2000;Jiang, Sanders, Ruge & Harding, 2012). An investigation into the ability of honey to modulate the production of such cytokines by skin cells would help determine if honey has immunosuppressive, immune stimulatory or wound healing properties that may contribute to skin healing.…”