This article is a methodological description of a randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov U1111-1181-4455) aiming to evaluate the time-course (monthly) and associations between blood pressure changes and other health-related adaptations in response to exercise training in hypertensive elderly. Methods: The patients will be randomized to a control or combined training group interventions (aerobic and resistance exercise), with monthly assessments in four months. Although, the changes in baseline blood pressure is the primary clinical outcome, the secondary outcomes include: body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, arterial stiffness, baroreceptor sensitivity, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, growth factors, tissue remodeling markers, metabolic profile, renal function, cognitive function and quality of life. Results: To support the understanding of the blood pressure changes in hypertensive elderly, a time-course of exercise-induced adaptations including cardiovascular and immunological adaptations are fundamental for research in this field. Conclusion: To investigate the time-course of combined training-induced adaptations including all the diverse aspects of health in hypertensive elderly a well-controlled protocol design is necessary, mainly to clarify the relationship between cardiovascular and immunological exercise-induced adaptations.
OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre capacidades funcionais e qualidade de vida de idosos sedentários.MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 48 idosos (16 homens e 32 mulheres) sedentários para a pesquisa. As capacidades funcionais avaliadas foram: preensão manual (dinamômetro Jamar), velocidade de marcha (4,6m), teste de agilidade (time up and go –TUG) e o teste de levantar e sentar da cadeira. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através do questionário WHOQOL-bref, considerando os domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente. Foram separados os grupamentos de maior e menor desempenho em cada capacidade funcional através da divisão por grupamentos K. Comparou-se os grupos de melhor e de pior desempenho para todos os domínios de qualidade de vida através do teste Mann-Whitney.RESULTADOS: A força de preensão manual foi significantemente associada à qualidade de vida total (r=0,3). Além disso, os grupos de maior força de preensão manual e maior velocidade no TUG apresentaram maior qualidade de vida.CONCLUSÕES: A força de preensão manual é a principal capacidade funcional diretamente associada à qualidade de vida de idosos. Este achado reforça a importância do treinamento de força muscular em programas voltados à qualidade de vida desta população.
The objective of this study was to investigate how many strength training sessions would be necessary to achieve significant increase in load. A group of 7 men and 14 women over 60 years old were recruited for the survey. The participants underwent combined training (strength and aerobic exercise), with 2 sessions of strength exercise and 3 sessions of aerobic exercise per week during 16 weeks. The strength exercise was composed of 5 exercises for the main muscle groups (knee extension, knee curl, leg press, bench press, high pull), 1 set of 15 repetitions was performed for each exercise. The aerobic exercise consisted of continuous walking/running on a treadmill, at 60% of the VO2 reserve, for 50 minutes. The loads were recorded at each training session. Participants were encouraged to always score between 7 and 8 on the effort perception scale (0 to 10). In the present study we observed that both genders had an increase in the amount of load used. The combined training protocol is capable of increase the load in the strength training in the first 8 training sessions differentianting between exercises and gender.
As perdas cognitivas tipicamente experimentadas com o envelhecimento podem ser atenuadas por exercícios aeróbicos (EA) regulares. EA também induz melhora aguda da função cognitiva em idosos; no entanto, não está claro qual protocolo de EA é mais eficaz. A prática de EA com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo (RFS) agrega outros benefícios à saúde do idoso, como melhorias na aptidão aeróbia, aumento da massa e força muscular. Assim, objetivamos comparar protocolos de EA com e sem RFS na função cognitiva de idosos. Vinte e um idosos realizaram o teste de Stroop antes e após três sessões de EA em medida repetida, desenho cruzado: EA com alta carga (70% VO2máx), EA com baixa carga (40% VO2máx) e EA com RFS (40% VO2máx e 50% do RFS). Não houve efeito significativo das sessões experimentais na função cognitiva. Talvez, as cargas aplicadas não tenham sido adequadas para estimular melhorias na função cognitiva, visto que as cargas moderadas têm sido mais eficientes para aumentar o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, entre outros mecanismos fisiológicos englobados. Além disso, observamos respostas bastante heterogêneas entre indivíduos e sessões, sugerindo que pesquisas futuras são necessárias para melhor compreensão desse fenômeno.
Aging process leads to progressive loss of numerous physiological functions, including the cognitive functions (CF). Aerobic training (AE) provides many beneficial adaptations to the health of elderly. More recently AE have shown improvements on CF. Furthermore, the improvements in CF can be seen also after an only session of AE. However, among many AE protocols, it is not clear, which of them could lead to higher CF improvements after only one session. We compared the effects of high load AE, low load AE and low-load AE with blood flow restriction. All of them were performed for 20 min in a treadmill by healthy elderly in a cross-over design. CF was assessed by Stroop Test before and after each AE protocol. None of the AE protocols tested in the present study improved the elderly cognitive function. These results could be due to the extremely healthy sample or the large heterogeneity of response among them.
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