Apis melífera L. propolis is a resinous and balsamic material whose biological effects are related to its chemical composition. This chemical composition is greatly influenced by seasonality, so propolis from different seasons and regions has a different chemical composition. The increasing need for natural options to control fungi that cause damage to food crops makes propolis an alternative that deserves more research. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasonality on the antifungal potential of propolis collected in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, on the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae . Effects of different concentrations of ethanolic extracts of green propolis on the mycelial growth of the pathogen were evaluated. Concentrations of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the samples were also determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that the propolis extracts have a different chemical composition, potential fungi static effects on the tested fungus, and that there is interference of seasonality on the mycelial growth of the fungus, pointing to the concentration of 1250µg 100mL-1of the samples collected in the summer, in a first moment, as the most efficient.
ABSTRACT:Extracted from the fruit of Anacardium occidentale L., Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a phenolic lipid that has potential biological use. Conventional pesticides are increasingly being replaced by natural products because of the impact that their mismanagement can have on human health and the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungicidal potential effect of CNSL on the fungi Colletotrichum gloesporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, in particular its use in reducing negative impacts on fruit production. Chemical and physical tests were conducted to determine features of the sample, such as pH, electrical conductivity and solubility, and to measure its anacardic acid content. In vitro and in vivo tests were also conducted to evaluate the inhibition of mycelial growth on papaya fruit, the identification of volatile components and the inhibition of spore production. CNSL had the highest fungicidal potential for both fungi in vitro at a concentration of 320 µg mL -1 , and the same concentration was also maximal for sporulation inhibition in both fungi. In the in vivo tests the protective effect of CNSL was higher for C. gloesporioides fungus, whereas its curative effect was higher for L. theobromae. It was found that the substance with fungicidal potential was non-volatile and that the presence of the pathogens altered the chemical properties of the fruit.
Resumo A liofilização é considerada uma das técnicas mais seguras para obtenção de estabilidade de cepas de cultura. Para este processo, podem ser utilizados crioprotetores, que são substâncias que protegem as estruturas celulares durante o período de congelamento, descongelamento e desidratação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da glicose, trealose e quitosana como crioprotetores para manutenção de cepas de Escherichia coli e Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Para tratamento estatístico, utilizou-se ANOVA e teste de Tukey com o software Bioestat, versão 5.3. Para Escherichia coli, a Trealose apresentou melhores resultados após a liofilização, porém nenhum dos tratamentos mostrou-se eficaz em prolongar a viabilidade até os 60 dias de armazenamento. Para Saccharomyces cerevisiae, todos os tratamentos apresentaram-se satisfatórios ao longo dos 60 dias avaliados.
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