Five-year trials (2011-2015) were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Bałcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loam with the objective of evaluating the response of two winter triticale varieties (Pigmej and Cyrkon) to cultivation without protection (O), chemical weed control (H) and combined protection against weeds and fungi (HF). Comparisons were made in two crop sequence systems: cultivation of winter triticale varieties in a 6-field crop rotation and cultivation in a 19-23-year-long monoculture. The results showed that the plant sequence system significantly differentiated the response of winter triticale varieties to the applied levels of field protection. Significantly higher grain yield gains of the winter triticale varieties in response to the application of herbicides or herbicides with fungicides were obtained in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the crop rotation, a higher increase in yields induced by the applied plant protection treatments was achieved by the variety Cyrkon. In the monoculture, the response of both varieties to the herbicides applied was nearly identical, while the combined application of herbicides and fungicides raised the yields of var. Pigmej higher than those of var. Cyrkon. Overall for the plant protection levels, var. Cyrkon yielded higher than var. Pigmej by 18.1% more in the crop rotation and by 26.9% in the monoculture. At the same time, var. Cyrkon demonstrated a weaker response to being grown in the monoculture than var. Pigmej did. The average yield of the former was reduced by 21.1%, whereas the latter yielded 26.6% less grain.
In 3-year research (2011-2013) carried out in static field experiment on luvisol medium soil in Production and Experimental Plant Bałcyny near Ostróda town, the response of two varieties of spring barley (Conchita and Mercada) to a chemical protection against weeds (H), and combined protection from weeds and diseases (HF) was evaluated. The comparisons of responses were carried out in two following crop sequence systems: A) the cultivation of spring barley varieties in 6-field crop rotation: sugar beet-maize-spring barley-pea-winter rape-winter wheat and B) the cultivation in 45-47-year monoculture. The cultivation of barley without any protection (O) in both crop sequence systems was a control object. The research showed that the crop sequence system significantly differentiated the response of varieties to applied levels of a protection. Significantly higher increase of grain yield of spring barley varieties as a result of herbicides application as well as combined application of herbicides and fungicides was reported in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the both crop sequence systems the applied protection levels caused higher increase of yields for Mercada variety. In its case a significantly higher yield of grain was also achieved.
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