Fixed targets or chips offer an efficient means of high-throughput microcrystal delivery for serial measurements at synchrotrons and XFELs. A low-background Mylar sandwich chip that alleviates the challenges of chip availability and crystal loading is described.
The automotive industry is witnessing a revolution with the advent of advanced vehicular technologies, smart vehicle options, and fuel alternatives. However, there is very limited research on consumer preferences for these types of vehicles. But the deployment and penetration of advanced vehicular technologies in the marketplace, and planning for possible market adoption scenarios, calls for collection and analysis of consumer preference data related to these emerging technologies. This study aims to address this gap, offering a detailed analysis of consumer preference for alternative fuel types and technology options using data collected in choice experiments conducted on a sample of consumers in South Korea. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in consumer preferences for various smart technology options such as wireless internet, vehicle connectivity, and voice command features, but relatively little heterogeneity in the preference for smart vehicle applications such as real-time traveler information on parking and traffic conditions.
Microsimulation models that simulate travel demand at the level of individual travelers have been gaining increasing interest among practitioners. Transportation planning agencies across the country are steadily migrating to activity-based microsimulation models which provide considerable flexibility in testing policy scenarios. Generating a synthetic population is the first step in the application of any activity-based model system and hence has been a topic of extensive research in the activity-based modeling arena. Several researchers have developed population synthesizers that are able to generate synthetic populations while matching household-and personlevel constraints at a specified geographical resolution, e.g., census block group. However, information regarding control variables may not always be available at the specified spatial resolution. While information for some control variables may be available at the specified resolution, information on other control variables may be available only at a more aggregate spatial resolution. Ignoring control variables at different levels of spatial resolution could result in the generation of a synthetic population that is not representative of the underlying population. However, there has been limited progress on the development of synthetic population generators that are capable of accommodating control variables at multiple spatial resolutions. This paper proposes a robust approach to control for constraints at multiple geographic resolutions in generating a synthetic population. The methodology is an extension of the Iterative Proportional Updating (IPU) algorithm previously proposed and implemented by the authors. A case study demonstrating the efficacy of the enhanced algorithm is presented.
2160-3308=20=10(3)=031070(14) 031070-1 Published by the American Physical Society involving absorption and emission of an infrared photon is extracted. Our method can be used for extraction of a phase difference between single-photon and two-photon pathways and provides a new tool for attosecond science, which is complementary to RABBITT.
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