Study DesignRetrospective study.PurposeTo determine the prevalence of high risk patient with osteopenia requiring pharmacologic treatment and investigate the difference of 10-year fracture probability whether bone mineral density (BMD) include or not in Korean FRAX model.Overview of LiteratureMany people with the fracture have osteopenia rather than osteoporosis, and BMD alone could be considered as a chance to prevent fracture.MethodsThree hundred sixty-nine patients who was diagnosed as osteopenia were divided into two groups according to age (group 1, under 65 years; group 2, over 65 years), and 10-year fracture probabilities were calculated by FRAX algorithm with and without femur neck T-score.ResultsThe high risk patients of the fracture who had above 3% of 10-year hip fracture probability were 15 cases in group 1 and 121 cases in group 2. In 193 patients of group 1, the mean 10-year fracture probability with BMD was significantly higher than the results without BMD (hip fracture: p=0.04, major osteoporotic fracture: p=0.01). Unlike the results of the group 1, the mean 10-year fracture probability without BMD was significantly higher than the results with BMD in 176 patients of group 2 (hip fracture: p=0.01, major osteoporotic fracture: p=0.01).ConclusionsTotal of 136 cases (36.8%) as a high risk of the fracture with osteopenia could be overlooked treatment eligibility in Korean. The Korean FRAX model without BMD could be effective in predicting fracture risk especially in the individuals who were over 65 years.
The dependence of green and sintered densities of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA: Al2O3/15vol% ZrO2) on the properties of spray-dried granules and compaction pressures was studied to differentiate the domi nant processing parameter controlling sintered properties. Two sets of spray-dried granules, which differed largely in terms of the morphology and yield stress of granules, were compacted at various uniaxial pressures in the range of 80MPa to 120MPa. The green and sintered densities varied depending on the granule properties and compaction pressure. However, both sets of granules formed by cold isostatic press ing at 500MPa exhibited the same green and sintered densities of about 63% and 99%, respectively, relative to the theoretical density, regardless of the variation of granule properties. This work confirmed that high cold isostatic pressure could overcome the effect of granule properties on the green and sintered densities. The strength of sintered specimens was determined from the size of large hollows in the spray-dried granules remaining after compaction. Details of the compaction behavior in terms of the granule properties were discussed.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results of fixation using SirusⓇ nail in patients with femoral subtrochanteric and shaft fracture and the difference in the frequency of complications according to the entry portal. Materials and Methods: From July 2006 to August 2013, at least 1-year clinical follow-up, we retrospectively analyzed 36 cases with femoral subtrochanteric (15 cases) and shaft fracture (21 cases) who underwent surgery using Sirus Ⓡ nail. We reviewed the records of operation time, intra-operative amounts of bleeding and complications. At last follow-up, we reviewed clinical results by Ray-Sanders criteria and analyzed the periods of bone union on the radiograph. We also measured changing of the femoral neck-shaft angle in the subtrochanteric fractures and angulation in the shaft fractures, respectively. Considering anatomical variation of the trochanter and fracture position of subtrochanteric and femoral shaft, entry points were divided into subgroups, and the clinical results were compared.
Results:The mean Ray-Sanders score was 27.4, 27 cases (75.0%) were good or excellent. The mean periods of bone union was 21.1 weeks in 31 cases. The mean neck-shaft angles were 135.7 o preoperatively, 130.2 o postoperatively. The mean angulation of the femur was 24.4 o preoperatively, 2.4 o postoperatively in patients of femoral shaft fractures. Despite no statistical significance, greater trochanter tip entry point and lateral entry point had a higher rate of frequency than medial entry point, with respect to the occurrence of iatrogenic fracture and malalignment.
Conclusion: Using SirusⓇ nail for femoral subtrochanteric and shaft fractures showed good clinical and radiographic results and a high rate of union. Medial entry point yielded slightly better results in the occurrence of iatrogenic fracture and malalignment, compared to greater trochanter tip entry point and lateral entry point.
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