Electrical energy is one of the primer facilities used in every activity. Almost all the existing facilities use electricity. This is inversely proportional to the depleting energy source. The solution to this problem is to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be recycled and does not damage the environment. One type of renewable energy is to use the electrolysis method. Electrolysis Method is one of the renewable energy sources. This method uses electrolyte solution which can be found in sour and runny fruit such as lemon (Citrus Limon L.) and Wuluh Star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi). The study was conducted in a laboratory by mixing the results of the juice of the two fruits with different compositions. The mixes are placed in the arcs (a mixture container to test the electrical properties) and then tested using a multimeter every 2 hours for 24 hours. The results are described in graphical form. The average power of each mixture is, C1 = 2.2mW, C2 = 4.7mW, and C3 = 8.5 mW and based on the graph, each mixture has decreased voltage and current. Even so among the three mixtures, the third mixture has a better electrical power value than the other two mixes. This shows that the higher the acidity of a solution the higher the electricity produced.
ABSTRAK Energi listrik merupakan energi utama masyarakat pada era globalisasi. Perusahaan Listrik Nasional (PLN) masih belum bisa menjangkau daerah – daerah terpencil khususnya daerah kabupaten Bulungan yang memiliki banyak daerah terpencil. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan memanfaatkan anak sungai yang ada di kabupaten Bulungan sebagai sumber energi listrik. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan survey memilih 20 titik anak sungai yang akan diteliti di kabupaten Bulungan. Selanjutnya pengambilan data yaitu luas penampang sungai, kecepatan aliran sungai, dan tinggi jatuh air. Data ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus agar memperoleh nilai daya teoritis yang dihasilkan oleh masing – masing sungai yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan diantara 20 anak sungai yang diteliti hanya 2 anak sungai yang memiliki potensi yaitu sungai 9 dengan daya 5,5 kW dan sungai 14 dengan daya 8,5 kW. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan lagi agar dapat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan daerah – daerah terpencil yang tidak terjangkau PLN. Kata kunci : Daya, Energi Terbarukan, PLTMH ABSTRACT Electrical energy is the main energy of society in the era of globalization. Perusahaan Listrik Nasional (PLN) is still unable to reach remote areas, especially the Bulungan district which has many remote areas. This problem can be overcome by utilizing tributaries in Bulungan district as a source of electrical energy. This research began with a survey selecting 20 tributary points to be studied in Bulungan district. Furthermore, data collection was the cross-sectional area of the river, river flow velocity, and water fall height. This data was analyzed using a formula in order to obtain the theoretical power value generated by each predetermined river. The results of this study indicatde that among the 20 tributaries studied, only 2 tributaries have potential, namely river 9 with a power of 5.5 kW and river 14 with a power of 8.5 kW. It is hoped that the results of this research can be further developed so that they can be useful for the development of remote areas that are not reached by PLN. Keyword: PLTMH, Power, Renewable Energy
Desa salimbatu termasuk salah satu wilayah yang mempunyai sumber energi alternatif dari limbah lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan limbah pertanian berupa limbah sekam padi dan serbuk gergaji. Melihat potensi limbah sekam padi dan serbuk gergaji yang dapat diolah lebih lanjut menjadi produk yang lebih memiliki nilai ekonomi seperti briket, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat salimbatu. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pelaporan. Tahapan perencanaan yaitu tahap dilaksanakan survei pra kegiatan untuk mengetahui kondisi dan potensi desa salimbatu. Tahap pelaksanaan dilakukan 4 kegiatan yaitu : 1) Dilakukan kegiatan sosialisasi terkait pengolahan limbah sekam padi dan serbuk gergaji; 2) Sosialisasi pengenalan briket; 3) Pelatihan Penggunaan alat pengepres briket; 4) Pelatihan pembuatan briket arang berbahan limbah sekam padi dan serbuk gergaji. Luaran dari kegiatan ini berupa luaran wajib dan luaran tambahan. Luaran wajib berupa manual/panduan aplikasi teknologi produk PHP2D, profil dan poster hasil pelaksanaan program, dokumentasi pelaksanaan berupa video kegiatan, publikasi artikel pada media sosial, sedangkan luaran tambahan berupa publikasi artikel di jurnal nasional ber ISSN terakreditasi, publikasi artikel pada media massa cetak lokal, dan MoU kerjasama anatara mitra dengan tim pelaksana.
Biomass is one of the solutions for Indonesia to obtain energy because Indonesia has the potential for biomass like biodiesel and bioethanol. The biomass to be studied is Bioethanol. One of the main ingredients in the manufacture of bioethanol is forest bananas, where this type of banana is very easy to find in rural areas around the district of Bulungan. Forest bananas are a type of wild plant that grows in the forest and it’s not consumed by residents because there are many seeds in the banana. Therefore, forest banana waste is increasing due to the lack of utilization of the waste. Based on these problems, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to test the characteristics of bioethanol from forest bananas to the variation of yeast mass. The stages of the research method that will be done include several stages, namely 1) the manufacture of bioethanol, 2) the stage of measuring ethanol levels, and 3) the stage of testing the characteristics of bioethanol. The stages of bioethanol testing are characteristic tests, including: 1) Ethanol Content Analysis, 2) Water Content Analysis, 3) Density Analysis, 4) Specific Gravity and API Gravity Analysis, 5) Heat Value Analysis. Based on the research results obtained, the quality of bioethanol produced has the value of density and specific gravity in accordance with the quality standard of bioethanol which is 0.78 in yeast 3% of raw materials. The caloric value that has a close relationship with API Gravity is close to the maximum value of the bioethanol quality standard which is 3702.30 kcal/kg in yeast of 5%. The value of the largest ethanol content was obtained at the total yeast content of 5% which is 24.8%. The lowest water content value is obtained at the total yeast content of 3% which is 75%.
The high increase in energy use causes renewable energy solutions such as wind energy, geothermal energy, biomass and others. Biomass is one solution for Indonesia to obtain energy, because Indonesia has the potential for biomass, both biodiesel and bioethanol. The biomass to be studied is Bioethanol. Forest banana is a type of wild plant that grows in the forests of North Kalimantan and is not consumed by residents because there are many seeds in the banana. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of bioethanol from forest bananas. The stages of the research method that will be carried out include several stages, namely 1) making bioethanol, 2) measuring ethanol content, and 3) testing the characteristics of bioethanol. The stages of bioethanol testing carried out characteristic tests including: 1) Ethanol Content Analysis, 2) Moisture Content Analysis, 3) Density Analysis, 4) Specific Gravity and API Gravity Analysis, 5) Calorific Value Analysis. Based on the research results obtained, the quality of the bioethanol produced has a density value and specific gravity in accordance with the bioethanol quality standard, which is 0.46. The calorific value which has a close relationship with API Gravity is close to the maximum value in the bioethanol quality standard, which is 3702.30 kcal/kg. The value of ethanol content and water content still does not meet the quality standards, namely 24.8% and 86%. This is due to the lack of distillation process in this study.
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