Air mempunyai peranan penting bagi aktivitas kehidupan manusia. Aktifitas manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menghasilkan limbah yang berbeda-beda yang dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas air. Aktifitas manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menghasilkan limbah yang berbeda-beda yang dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas air. Kota Pontianak sebagai ibukota Kalimantan Barat merupakan daerah yang tingkat pemukimannya cukup padat. Kondisi ini disertai dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi untuk pengambilan sampel air dan menentukan variabel sebagai indikator pencemaran air. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara stratified sampling. Variabel yang digunakan dalam menentukan lokasi pengambilan sampel diantaranya adalah batas administrasi, luas wilayah, jumlah penduduk dan kepadatan penduduk. Variabel-variabel tersebut kemudian divisualisasikan dalam bentuk peta tata guna lahan dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Diperoleh 58 titik lokasi pengambilan sampel air dan tiga indikator pencemaran air di kawasan permukiman.
Long Term Care (LTC) insurance is a type of health insurance. One of the LTC products is Annuity as A Rider Benefit. This insurance provides benefits for medical care costs during the term and death benefits if the insured dies. This insurance product can be modeled with a multi-state model. The multi-state model is a stochastic process in which the subject can switch states at a specified number of states. This paper discusses the calculation of LTC insurance premiums with the Annuity as A Rider Benefit product using a multi-state model for critically ill patients in Indonesia. The state used consisted of eight states, namely healthy, cancer, heart disease, stroke, died from the illness from each disease, and died from others. The premium calculation also utilized Markov chain transition probabilities. The data used were data on Indonesia's population in 2018, data on the prevalence of cancer, heart disease, stroke, and Indonesia's 2019 mortality table. The stages of this study were calculating the net single premium value, benefit annuity value, and insurance premium value. The case study was conducted on a 25 years old male in good health following LTC insurance with a coverage period of 5 years. It was known that the compensation value for someone who dies was IDR 100,000,000 and the interest rate used was 5%. The calculation results obtained an annual premium of IDR 5,308,915 which was then varied based on gender and varied interest. Insurance premiums for men were more expensive than for women since men had a greater chance of dying. Then, the higher the interest rate taken; the lower premium paid. This was because the interest rate is a discount variable.
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