Background Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been reported to be associated with tumor progress and poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the relationship between FABP4 expression and tumor immunity in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is still poorly understood. Methods FABP4 mRNA expression was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COAD data. FABP4 protein staining was performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in our 10 paired COAD samples and corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues. The association between FABP4 and immune cell infiltration was evaluated by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. FABP4 coexpressed genes were identified based on Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database, which were employed for further enrichment analysis. FABP4 related immunomodulators was identified by Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB) database, and a prognostic risk signature was constructed based on FABP4-related immunomodulators using stepwise Cox regression analysis. A nomogram consists of FABP4 related immunomodulators signature and clinical parameters was developed to predict the overall survival (OS). Results In TCGA data, we found that the decreased FABP4 mRNA expression in COAD samples compared with normal samples, and low FABP4 mRNA expression was associated with B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, myeloid dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. In our 10 paired samples, the protein levels of COAD were lower in all COAD tissues than in their adjacent noncancerous tissues. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that FABP4 coexpressed genes were mostly enriched in immune-related pathways. Based on 54 FABP4-related immunomodulators, a 2-gene FABP4-related prognostic risk signature was developed, and the signature stratified the patients into the high-risk and low-risk groups with statistically different survival outcomes. The Nomogram consists of the prognostic signature and clinical parameters had a certain predictability for prognosis of COAD patients. Conclusion These findings suggest that FABP4 is associated with 2-gene immune signature which also correlate with the prognosis of COAD patients.

BackgroundSolid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a rare tumor with low malignant potential, which typically occurs in the pancreas. Extrapancreatic SPN is also extremely rare worldwide.Case presentationWe report a case of a 70-year-old woman hospitalized with abdominal pain and bloating. The patient did not have any underlying diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, or hypertension. More than 30 years ago, the patient underwent surgery for “ectopic pregnancy”. The patient had no family history of hereditary disease, nor did any immediate family members have a history of cancer. Laboratory tests showed that her hemoglobin and albumin levels were low and she had a high level of cancer antigen 125 (CA125). Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a large tumor in the abdomen and pelvis. The patient subsequently underwent surgery, and it was found that the tumor was attached to the terminal ileum. Pathological findings suggested that the tumor was an extrapancreatic SPN, with an ectopic pancreas found in the tumor tissue. The patient did not receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery. After 13 months of follow-up, the patient was admitted again with abdominal pain. CT showed tumor recurrence with extensive systemic metastases. The patient and her family refused reoperation and biopsy, and the patient was discharged after the abdominal pain and anemia resolved.ConclusionWe report a rare case of extrapancreatic SPN of ileal origin, which could be the first report worldwide. It had aggressive biological features, with recurrence and metastasis 13 months after surgery. For extrapancreatic SPN, the risk of recurrence should be assessed, and for tumors suspected of malignant behavior, a longer follow-up after discharge may be needed. Although SPN generally has a good prognosis after surgery, there is no consensus on whether postoperative chemotherapy and other treatments are needed for patients with high recurrence risk.

Background: Glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) is one of the major glutathione conjugation enzymes. Its expression and activity have been suggested to correlate with the occurrence of colon cancer; however, the role of GSTM1 in tumor immunity remains unclear.Methods: Relevant data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGGA), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) was used to perform a multi-dimensional expression analysis of GSTM1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The correlation between GSTM1 and tumor immunity was analyzed with multiple online tools. Then protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and functional enrichment analyses of GSTM1-associated immunomodulators were performed. Further, we developed the Cox regression model based on the GSTM1-related immunomodulators. Finally, a GSTM1based clinical nomogram and a calibration curve was established to predict the probability and accuracy of long-term survival.Result: GSTM1 was significantly downregulated in COAD versus normal tissues. Infiltration levels of B cells, CD8 + T cells, and dendritic cells were closely correlated to GSTM1 gene copy number deletion, and GSTM1 expression levels in COAD positively correlated with dendritic cell, B cell, neutrophil, and macrophage infiltration. Functional enrichment analysis indicated 36 GSTM1-related immunomodulators are involved in immune-related pathways of regulating T cell activation and lymphocytic activation. A 2-gene prognostic risk signature based on the 36 GSTM1-related immunomodulators was built using the Cox regression model, and the risk signature in combination with stage had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.747 by the receiver operating characteristic method. patients with higher risk scores-calculated based on 2 gene prognostic risk characteristics and further identified as an independent prognostic factorwere associated with worse survival using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Together, the clinical nomogram and calibration curve based on GSTM1 suggested a good prediction accuracy for long-term survival probability.Conclusions: Our study provided evidence supporting the significant role of GSTM1 in COAD immunity and suggests GSTM1 as a potential novel target for COAD immunotherapy.

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and preventable postoperative complication. However, the predictive significance of perioperative biochemical parameters for VTE after minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery remains unclear. Methods A total of 149 patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery were collected between October 2021 and October 2022. Biochemical parameters related to preoperative and postoperative day 1, day 3, and day 5 were collected, including D-Dimer, mean platelet volume (MPV), and maximum amplitude (MA) of thromboelastography (TEG). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to explore the predictive powers of meaningful biochemical parameters for postoperative VTE, and calibration curves were used to assess predictive accuracy. Results The overall cumulative incidence of VTE was 8.1% (12/149). The preoperative and postoperative day 3 D-Dimer, postoperative day 3, and day 5 MPV, and postoperative day 1, day 3, and day 5 TEG-MA was significantly higher in the VTE group than in the non-VTE group (P < 0.05). The results of both the ROC curve and the calibration curve indicated that these meaningful D-Dimer, MPV, and TEG-MA had moderate discrimination and consistency for postoperative VTE. Conclusions D-Dimer, MPV, and TEG-MA may predict postoperative VTE in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer at specific times in the perioperative period.