The objectives of this study were to determine the protein molecular structures of the new coproducts from bioethanol production, quantify protein structure amide I to II and alpha-helix to beta-sheet spectral peak intensity ratio, and illustrate multivariate molecular spectral analyses as a novel research tool for rapid characterization of protein molecular structures in bioethonal bioproducts. The study demonstrated that the grains had a significantly higher ratio of alpha-helix to beta-sheet in the protein structure than their coproducts produced from bioethanol processing (1.38 vs 1.03, P < 0.05). There were significant differences between wheat and corn (1.47 vs 1.29, P < 0.05) but no difference between wheat dried distiller grains with solubles (DDGS) and corn DDGS (1.04 vs 1.03, P > 0.05). The grains had a significantly higher ratio of protein amide I to II in the protein structure than their coproducts produced from bioethanol processing (4.58 vs 2.84, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between wheat and corn (4.61 vs 4.56, P > 0.05), but there were significant differences between wheat DDGS and corn DDGS (3.08 vs 2.21, P < 0.05). This preliminary study indicated that bioethanol processing changes protein molecular structures, compared with original grains. Further study is needed with a large set of the new bioethanol coproducts to quantify protein molecular structures (alpha-helix to beta-sheet ratio; amide I to II ratio) of the bioethanol coproducts in relation to nutrient supply and availability in animals.
The objective of this study was to compare three new Canadian hull-less barley cultivars with altered starch characteristics (zero-amylose waxy, CDC Fibar; waxy, CDC Rattan; and high-amylose, HB08302) with conventional normal starch hull-less barley (HB) cultivar (CDC McGwire) in terms of ruminant feed value. The study revealed that altered starch HB cultivars possessed several desirable feed characteristics, distinct from conventional normal starch HB, although they were similar in some respects: (1) basic chemical and carbohydrate subfraction profiles varied; (2) starch degradation kinetics showed altered starch HB containing higher soluble starch, rumen undegraded starch, lower degradable starch, and slower degradation rate; (3) all altered starch HB cultivars had similar soluble and degradable starch, different from that of conventional normal starch HB; (4) two waxy HB cultivars were lower, whereas the high-amylose cultivar was similar in effective degradability of the starch as compared to conventional normal starch HB; (5) zero-amylose waxy HB had the greater effective degradability of protein among HB cultivars; and (6) amylopectin in HB had a positive relationship with protein supply (increasing amylopectin was correlated with increased effective degradability of protein). Overall, these results demonstrate that the alteration of starch structure in granule affects not only starch fermentation and utilization but also protein value in hull-less barley. In summary, the HB cultivars with modified starch might be a better feed grain for ruminants than the normal starch HB.
This study evaluated the nutritional and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) characteristics of seven barley varieties (‘Conlon’, ‘CDC Copeland’, ‘CDC Cowboy’, ‘Falcon’, ‘Legacy’, ‘AC Metcalfe’, and ‘Xena’) grown for silage. Commercial samples (n = 80) harvested at the mid-dough stage were collected over 2 years (2012 and 2013). Average pH and dry matter (DM) content were 4.05% ± 0.17% and 36.8% ± 4.1%, respectively. ‘Falcon’ and ‘AC Metcalfe’ had higher (P < 0.05) CP relative to ‘CDC Copeland’ and ‘Xena’, with intermediate values for the other varieties. Acid (ADF) and neutral (NDF) detergent fiber contents were higher (P < 0.05) for ‘CDC Cowboy’ relative to ‘Conlon’. Starch was higher (P < 0.05) for ‘Legacy’ and ‘Conlon’ than ‘CDC Cowboy’, with intermediate values for other varieties. Legacy had a greater (P < 0.05) 6-h NDFD while ‘CDC Cowboy’ had a greater (P < 0.05) 30-h NDFD. Indigestible NDF (INDF; % NDF) was greater (P < 0.05) for ‘AC Metcalfe’ relative to ‘CDC Cowboy’ and ‘Falcon’. These results indicate that barley varieties vary with respect to chemical composition and NDFD and INDF contents. Selection for higher 30-h NDFD could result in improvements in DM and DE intake and performance of growing beef cattle.
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