ObjectiveWe evaluated different dose effects of rIL-25 on acute ulcerative colitis.Materials and methodsMice were fed 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days while infused i.p. with repeated doses of rIL-25 (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 μg) in PBS or PBS only after every 24 h at the same time as the start of the DSS exposure. Clinical, macroscopical and microscopical assessment of colitis severity with survival study was performed. Colonic IL-25 expression and production of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 was also analyzed.ResultsAt a dose of 0.2 μg, colitis was aggravated with high mortality, better improvements were observed at a dose of 0.4 μg, and colitis-induced diarrhea was reversed at a dose of 0.8 μg. The expression of IL-25 was found to decrease in severe colitis. Moreover, IL-25 inhibited production of mucosal IFN-γ, induced increase in IL-10 but not IL-4.ConclusionImprovements in DSS-induced colitis in response to IL-25 suggest IL-25's protective role by mechanisms including inhibition of IFN-γ with enhancement of anti-inflammatory release.
Background: According to previous studies, D-dimer levels are associated with prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the current results are limited and controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and the prognosis and pathological characteristics of patients with PC. Method: A computer search of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, CBM, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang databases was conducted to identify available studies. The association between pre-treatment d -dimer levels and the prognosis of PC patients was assessed using a combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence in CI were applied to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and the pathological characteristics of patients with PC. For all of the statistical analyses, Stata 12.0 software was used. Result: A total of 13 studies involving 2777 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that elevated pre-treatment d -dimer levels were significantly associated with worsening OS (HR = 1.46 95% CI: 1.34-1.59; p<0.001). We also performed subgroup analyses based on sample size, d -dimer threshold, follow-up time and source of HR to further validate the prognostic value of pre-treatment d -dimer levels in PC. In addition, according to the analysis, high pre-treatment d -dimer levels in PC patients were associated with late tumour stage (OR = 4.78, 95% CI 1.73-13.20, p<0.005), larger tumours (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.25 ~ 2.35, p<0.005) and distant metastases in tumours (OR = 5.06, 95% CI 2.45- 10.43, p<0.005) were significantly associated. In contrast, other clinicopathological factors, including age, sex and lymph node metastasis, were not associated with d -dimer levels. Conclusion: High levels of d-dimer prior to treatment are associated with poor prognosis in patients with PC and are associated with more advanced tumour stage, larger tumours and the occurrence of distant metastases. Plasma d-dimer levels can be used as a biomarker of prognosis in patients with PC.
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