Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectral features for oil products of different states (solutions in the seawater and thin slicks) are discussed in this article. This research was done to evaluate LIF application for the identification of oil products and the measurement of the volume of ocean pollution by bilge water disposal. It was found out that the form of LIF spectral distribution was changed depending on the oil product state (pure fuel, slick or solution). The LIF method was calibrated for the most common types of heavy and light marine fuels at the standard measurement method of solution concentrations and limit of detection (LoD) values were established for each type. The time dynamics of the solution spectra were researched, and the time change features were determined. The smallsized LIF sensor for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is described and aims to investigate the LIF for oil pollution at sea.
The development of underwater robotics sensitivity, which is based on the sensors of laser spectroscopy methods, have been discussed. The ways to improve Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) methods were investigated in order to develop and create laser sensitivity for underwater robotics. A brief overview is done in the article, where LIF and LIBS spectroscopy in underwater robotics are used as spectroscopy sensors in order to investigate underwater environments by means of underwater vehicles. Limit of Detection (LoD) of oil and oil product solutions in the seawater have been detected by means of nanosecond and femtosecond spectroscopy LIF. All results, which had been received by laser pulses of different duration, were compared. The same experiments have been provided in order to measure concentrations of elements in the seawater and solutions by the LIBS method. It was discovered that the LoD of a group of elements was reduced when the femtosecond LIBS was used. Anthropomorphic complexes were under discussion in order to adopt laser spectroscopy sensors for underwater environments. The submersible module, which was constructed to investigate and examine laser spectroscopy sensors, has been described.
The oil pollution of seas is increasing, especially in local areas, such as ports, roadsteads of the vessels, and bunkering zones. Today, methods of monitoring seawater are costly and applicable only in the case of big ecology disasters. The development of an operative and reasonable project for monitoring the sea surface for oil slick detection is described in this article using drones equipped with optical sensing and artificial intelligence. The monitoring system is implemented in the form of separate hard and soft frameworks (HSFWs) that combine monitoring methods, hardware, and software. Three frameworks are combined to fulfill the entire monitoring mission. HSFW1 performs the function of autonomous monitoring of thin oil slicks on the sea surface, using computer vision with AI elements for detection, segmentation, and classification of thin slicks. HSFW2 is based on the use of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to identify types of oil products that form a slick or that are in a dissolved state, as well as measure their concentration in solution. HSFW3 is designed for autonomous navigation and drone movement control. This article describes AI elements and hardware complexes of the three separate frameworks designed to solve the problems with monitoring slicks of oil products on the sea surface and oil products dissolved in seawater. The results of testing the HSFWs for the detection of pollution caused by marine fuel slicks are described.
Our work is dedicated for review of the synthesis of the new nanocomposite media with Au and CdS nanoparticles. Also formation of filament structure in presented samples as result of interaction with femtosecond laser pulses in depending on the component composition of the samples and the various experimental conditions was investigated.
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