The Fisher test is concerned with data of independent groups and a dichotomous criterion in a fourfold (2 × 2) contingency format. Typically, small samples ( N ≤ 30) are considered. Some tables of critical values of Fisher's test for small samples are available to offset the tediousness of computation. Fisher's test requires determination of a combined probability, that is, the observed set added with all the more extreme (directional) sets. For large samples, an approximation method such as chi square is used. Considered in this paper are a mathematical discussion and algorithm, and a computer program for Fisher's test. The computer program for small and large ( N of about 500) samples is available from the authors. Such technology, in most instances, makes approximation methods unnecessary.
A student and his problems were pin-pointed, recorded, and changed. The first 3 wk. were used to establish a base rate. S defecated in class, once every few days. After he was programmed with reinforcers (charting and coupons toward book purchases), he may have had one accident, only, for the remainder of the school year (8 wk.). Follow-up through the seventh month of the next school year (the time of this writing) indicates one accident only. During this 7-mo. period, he was not programmed with book coupons or any other specific reinforcer. He had internalized a previous external model of control.
Test data for 150 adult institutionalized retardates were subjected to a two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures (tests) on one factor. The matched male ( n = 32) and female ( n = 32) groups showed no sex differences but significant test differences. On the Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Man, the Woman Point scale mean IQs were lower than the Man Point scale means. The Point scale means were significantly lower than the Quality scale means for all three drawings (Man, Woman, Self). Correlations of the Goodenough-Harris IQs with WAIS and PPVT IQs were lower for women than for men. The Goodenough-Harris IQ scores correlated better with the WAIS Performance scale IQ than with the Verbal scale IQ. PPVT IQs tended to fall between the WAIS Verbal and Performance scale IQs but correlated better with the Verbal scale than with the Performance scale. The PPVT, a vocabulary measure, was a somewhat better over-all predictor of the WAIS IQ than the Goodenough-Harris drawings.
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