We have created vortices in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. The vortex state was created through a coherent process involving the spatial and temporal control of interconversion between the two components. Using an interference technique, we map the phase of the vortex state to confirm that it possesses angular momentum. We can create vortices in either of the two components and have observed differences in the dynamics and stability.

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Understanding the behavior of quantized vortices is essential to gaining insight into diverse superfluid phenomena, from critical-current densities in superconductors to quantum turbulence in superfluids. We observe the real-time dynamics of quantized vortices in trapped dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates by repeatedly imaging the vortex cores. The precession frequency of a single vortex is measured by explicitly observing its time dependence and is found to be in good agreement with theory. We further characterize the dynamics of vortex dipoles in two distinct configurations: (i) an asymmetric configuration, in which the vortex trajectories are dynamic and nontrivial, and (ii) a stable, symmetric configuration, in which the dipole is stationary.

This last of a series of three measurements improves the comparison of antiproton ͑p͒ and proton ͑ p͒ by almost a factor of 10 6 over earlier exotic atom measurements, and is the most precise CPT test with baryons by a similar large factor. Measuring the cyclotron frequencies of a simultaneously trapped p and H 2 ion establishes that the ratio of q͞m forp and p is 20.999 999 999 91 6 0.000 000 000 09, more than 10 times the accuracy over our previous measurement. This 9 3 10 211 comparison makes the first use of simultaneously trapped particles for sub-ppb spectroscopy. [S0031-9007(99)08869-9]