There is currently much interest in phytochemicals as bioactive molecules of food. Functional foods are an emerging field in food science due to their increasing popularity among health conscious consumers. Flaxseed is cultivated in many parts of world for fiber, oil as well as for medicinal purposes and also as nutritional product. In this review, nutrients, anti-nutrients, functional properties, processing, metabolism and health benefits of bioactive molecules viz., essential fatty acids, lignans and dietary fiber of flaxseed are discussed.
Four flaxseed varieties viz., JL-27, JL-23, JLS-6, and JLS-9 were germinated for 48 hours. Moisture, fat, protein, and fibre, minerals and antinutritional factors were analyzed in germinated flaxseeds and were compared with the raw. Macro and micro minerals were also assessed for both raw and germinated flaxseeds. Results showed significant variations between raw and germinated flaxseeds. Germinated flaxseeds were more nutritious as compared to raw flaxseeds. Raw flaxseeds were rich in macro minerals whereas germination significantly improved the micro mineral profile of flaxseeds. Germinated JLS-9 seeds revealed maximum significant increase for iron, zinc and manganese. Germination process significantly reduced the cyanogenic glycosides and phytic acid. Maximum reduction for cyanogenic glycosides (82.37%) was noted in JLS-9, whereas phytic acid decline was maximum (52.27%) in JL-23.
Influence of aqueous garlic extract on degree of hydration, fructose, sulphur and phosphorus contents of rat eyelens and intestinal absorption of nutrients were assessed. Inclusion of garlic extract in culture medium containing glucose and xylose inhibited the hydration of rat eyelens, whereas galactose evinced the reverse trend. Aqueous garlic extract in general decreased the concentration of fructose and phosphorus, whereas sulphur concentration increased when rat eyelenses, were incubated with galactose and xylose. Garlic extract inhibited intestinal absorption of glutamic acid, sucrose and glucose to different extents. The rate of absorption of glutamic acid was found to be considerably higher than that of glucose and sucrose. KEY WORDSGarlic, allium, medicinal value, degree of hydration, rat eyelens, nutrients absorption, drug equivalents.Garlic (Alfium sativum L) is an important and commercial bulbous crop that is popularly available both at immature and mature stages, but consumed to a limited extent due to reserved and unreserved preferences of the population. Garlic possesses higher nutritive value than other bulbous crops and rich source of carbohydrates, proteins and ascorbic acid (1). Critical appraisal of antioxidant and lipid oxidation of foods reviewed recently showed antioxidant capacity of 232 to garlic (2). Therapeutic properties of garlic have been recognized in processing of garlic capsules, tablets and other formulations related to human health (3). it has been also valued since long for its characteristic pungency, flavour and wide ranging medicinal properties due to accumulation of high concentration of different metabolites that constitute the basis for drug equivalents (3-5). Aqueous garlic extract contains the water soluble thiosulfinates and have strong antimicrobial activity (6, 7). Studies on phenols, structural carbohydrates and levels of peroxidase and acid phosphatase were also carried out during garlic bulb development (8). The
Absorption of sucrose, glucose, leucine and aspartate was studied using intestinal everted sac of rats fed on french bean diets namely PDR-14, HUR-137 and HUR-15 using casein as a control. Absorption of nutrients was monitored spectrophotometrically and by 14C radio assay of metabolites using scientillation counting. The absorption pattern of amino acids was found to be similar but of glucose and sucrose differed. Glucose was found to be more absorbed than sucrose in spectrophotometer assay and the pattern reversed in radio assay. Absorption of sucrose and leucine were higher by rats fed on HUR-137 diet and similarly, more aspartate was absorbed when fed on HUR-15 diet as demonstrated by both the methods. Rats fed on HUR-137 diet exhibited higher glucose absorption as shown by spectrophotometric assay, but rats on HUR-15 diet by radio assay. Absorption of nutrients differed significantly between casein and french beans.
Analysis of husked barleys for proanthocyanidins and malt quality attributes has shown that not a single variety is free of proanthocyanidins. The proanthocyanidins in barley grains varied from 3.85 to 4.94 mg/g as catechin equivalent. The concentration of proanthocyanidins decreased, while total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, diastatic power and beta-amylase activity increased during maltings as well as with exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) application. Alfa 93 (two-row) and RD2560 (six-row) varieties appeared to be superior for malting and brewing purposes on the basis of proanthocyanidins, total phenols, diastatic power and beta-amylase activity. It is suggested that exogenous application of GA3 at 15 ppm may be useful for producing good quality malt from barley grains.
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