Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of the yellow fever virus and the four dengue serotypes and its hemorrhagic fever viruses. The genetic variability and differentiation of four Aedes aegypti populations from São Luis Island in the Brazilian state of Maranhão was analyzed based on the sequences of a fragment of the mitochondrial ND4 gene. A total of 58 sequences of 337 bps were analyzed, revealing the existence of 10 haplotypes, of which five were considered to be unique. Haplotype diversity for the total population was 0.6273 and nucleotide diversity 0.00748. The haplotype tree produced from the data indicated the presence of two mitochondrial lineages of the dengue vector, one of which was characterized by the H6 haplotype, found only in the population from one site (Raposa), and may represent the recent introduction of this lineage to the island. The results of the AMOVA indicated that the majority of the genetic variation (74.38%) was found within populations. However, the significant Fst value of 0.2572 indicates a certain inter-population differentiation which may result in differences in the vectorial capacity of the insect, its susceptibility to the virus or even resistance to insecticides or other ecological adaptations, all of which may limit the effectiveness of programs for the control of Ae. aegypti.

The aim of this study wasto evaluate the best energetic foodforuse in the 21 maintenance of honey bee colonies during the off-season. To do this, 20Apis mellifera 22 beehives were used(with five beehives per treatment): CTL,control (without feeding); 23 SJ,sugarcane juice; SS,sugar syrup; and IS,inverted sugar. We evaluated the food 24 consumption, population development, and physiological state (expression of 25 vitellogenin and hexamerin 70agenes)of eachcolony.The results showed that the 26 supplementation of colonieswith sugar syrup resulted in an intermediateconsumption 27 and thebetter development of the colony.In addition, this diet ensured that the colonies 28 were in a good physiological state,as beesfed this diet presentedthe highest relative 29 expression levels of vitellogenin and hexamerin 70ameasuredamong all thediets 30 tested.Therefore, sugar syrup was concluded to be the best artificial energetic food for 31 use in thesupplementation of honey bee colonies during the off-season. 32

The genus Lumahyphes Molineri, 2004 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) currently is comprised of three species. Lumahyphes cocal sp. nov. is described based on material from the state of Roraima in northern Brazil. The new species differs from the other described species by having the following combination of characteristics: greyish wing membrane; terga base color whitish and terga I-III & VIII-X washed completely with gray; dorsal structure of penes rounded; spines of penes S-shaped in lateral view; and apex of spines directed anteriorly.