Interesting reflected and re-radiated ultrasonic waves from a plane liquid-solid interface have been observed using a cylindrical transducer and a pulsed schlieren system. The reflected cylindrical waves show variations in amplitudes as a function of angle. Plane waves, apparently re-radiated into the liquid by surface waves propagating along the interface, have also been observed by an optical technique.
This is the plaster type used in the sanitary and tableware In the ceramics industry the creation of moulds for new industries. product design, through the use of rapid machining has This investigation is the first part of an ongoing become an alternative to traditional techniques. During programme to introduce rapid machining techniques into an investigation into the potential of mould creation the ceramics industry. It is part of a larger investigation to through this technique it was noted that the rate of tool improve the modelling techniques that will enable the wear while machining the plaster material was greater industry to compete on the international market through when a ceramic plaster, Molda 3, was completely dry, being more competitive. than when moisture was present. T he present paper reports on the causes of excessive tool wear which occurs in the machining of plaster and how the moisture MACHINING OF CERAMIC PLASTERScontent of the plaster can have a considerable eVect MOLDA 3 on the rate of wear. A series of experiments has beenIt was apparent that the rate of wear of the tool was a vital conducted to determine the optimum level of moisture factor in the long machining times that can occur retained in the plaster to achieve the best machining in the machining of large moulds for the sanitaryware results. In addition, the method of machining was also industry. The swarf material left in the machining area in investigated, to determine if this had any relationship powder form was considered to be a contributing factor to with tool wear.BCT /303 this high wear rate.Plaster is a homogenous type of material that presents T he authors are in the School of Engineering and several difficulties, mainly due to its brittleness. One option Advanced T echnology, StaVordshire University, PO to reduce this brittleness is to spray the material with water Box 333, Beaconside, StaVord ST 18 ODF, UK.just prior to machining. However, the amount of water is Manuscript received 18 December 1997; in final form critical to the machining properties. If the material is too 6 July 1998.moist then the powder clings to the tool, making machining impossible. In powder form, as when it is machined off © 1999 IoM Communications L td.the original block, the powder is abrasive and even when the swarf is removed the level of wear is still seen to be excessive.5 This investigation was conducted on a Kryal VMS700
A pulsed laser with an extremely short pulse duration (≈3 nsec) has been used in a schlieren system to resolve individual wavefronts within high-frequency pulse trains. Wavefronts have been resolved at frequencies of 1–20 MHz. The system and its components are briefly described; photographs of basic ultrasonic wave propagation effects such as refraction, diffraction, and distortion in liquids are shown. Several possible applications to acoustic problems such as lens design, transducer and transducer array evaluation, critical effects, and propagation in biological specimens are discussed. The system's potential as a very graphic teaching aid is presented.
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