The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of decolorization and detoxification of the textile dyes Reactive Red 198 (RR198), Reactive Blue 214 (RB214), Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) and the mixture of the three dyes (MXD) by Penicillium simplicissimum INCQS 40211. The dye RB21, a phthalocyanine, was totally decolorized in 2 days, and the others, the monoazo RR198, the diazo RB214 and MXD were decolorized after 7 days by P. simplicissimum. Initially the dye decolorization involved dye adsorption by the biomass followed by degradation. The acute toxicity after fungal treatment was monitored with the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex and measured through Effective Concentration 50% (EC 50 ). P. simplicissimum reduced efficiently the toxicity of RB21 from moderately acutely toxic to minor acutely toxic and it also reduced the toxicity of RB214 and MXD, which remained minor acutely toxic.Nevertheless, the fungus increased the toxicity of RR198 despite of the reduction of MXD toxicity, which included this dye. Thus, P. simplicissimum INCQS 40211 was efficient to decolorize different textile dyes and the mixture of them with a significant reduction of their toxicity. In addition this investigation also demonstrated the need of toxicological assays associated to decolorization experiments.
The co-treatment from Morro do Céu landfill leachate with domestic sewage in the Icaraí STP was monitored with regard to the behavior of toxicity of its inflows and outflow. Leachate not exceeded 1.5% in volume in the plant. The acute ecotoxicological tests showed that, although leachate is far more harmful to D. rerio (LC50 approximately = 4) and D. similis (LC50 approximately = 5) than sewage (LC50 approximately = 62; LC50 approximately = 22), statistically the mixture of leachate with sewage did not result in a more toxic inflow (LC50 approximately = 57; LC50 approximately = 12) for treatment than raw sewage. After treatment, the outflow toxicity (LC50 approximately = 76; LC50 approximately = 16) complied with the environmental laws.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.