Decolorization of different textile dyes by Penicillium simplicissimum and toxicity evaluation after fungal treatment

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the capacity of decolorization and detoxification of the textile dyes Reactive Red 198 (RR198), Reactive Blue 214 (RB214), Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) and the mixture of the three dyes (MXD) by Penicillium simplicissimum INCQS 40211. The dye RB21, a phthalocyanine, was totally decolorized in 2 days, and the others, the monoazo RR198, the diazo RB214 and MXD were decolorized after 7 days by P. simplicissimum. Initially the dye decolorization involved dye adsorption by the biomass followed by degradation. The acute toxicity after fungal treatment was monitored with the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex and measured through Effective Concentration 50% (EC 50 ). P. simplicissimum reduced efficiently the toxicity of RB21 from moderately acutely toxic to minor acutely toxic and it also reduced the toxicity of RB214 and MXD, which remained minor acutely toxic.Nevertheless, the fungus increased the toxicity of RR198 despite of the reduction of MXD toxicity, which included this dye. Thus, P. simplicissimum INCQS 40211 was efficient to decolorize different textile dyes and the mixture of them with a significant reduction of their toxicity. In addition this investigation also demonstrated the need of toxicological assays associated to decolorization experiments.

Degradation and detoxification of synthetic dyes and textile industry effluents by newly isolated Leptosphaerulina sp. from Colombia

“…Adsorption was the predominant mechanism during the 1st days; however, after the 3rd day, the principal mechanism was the enzymatic catalysis. The combination of these two removal mechanisms has also been described in I. lacteus and Penicillium simplicissimum in the decolorization of reactive red 198 and methyl red (Novotný et al 2004;Bergsten-Torralba et al 2009). Leptosphaerulina sp.…”

“…Tremellosa over Turquoise Blue. In these strains, the removal was above 94 % (Kirby et al 2000;Bergsten-Torralba et al 2009). Similar to Remazol black, the statistical (Fig.…”

Optimized Atrazine Degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus INCQS 40310: an Alternative for Impact Reduction of Herbicides Used in Sugarcane Crops

“…Within the soil, the degradation of atrazine by fungi usually follows pathways that involve the sequential removal of the aromatic ring substituents, beginning with dealkylation, which is the first step in the degradation of this compound [12,15]. The application of fungi for the biodegradation of recalcitrant chemicals has been widely studied [16][17][18][19][20]. This interest is based on the fungal capacity to degrade several molecules of organic pollutants and other persistent toxic substances using nonspecific enzymes [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Textile azo dye degradation by Candida rugosa INCQS 71011 isolated from a non-impacted area in Semi-Arid Region of Brazilian Northeast

“…Within 16-48 h of incubition the color disappeared completely without residual color on the biomass in the case of only one of these dyes, the Reactive Black 5. The metabolic profile species-specific, such as enzymatic activity (Ramalho et al, 2005;Martorell et al, 2012), media culture (Ramalho et al, 2002;Kaushik and Malik, 2010) and the structure complexity of the dye (Fu and Viraraghavan, 2001;Bergsten-Torralba et al, 2009) can greatly influence the final response of fungal degradation. In the present work, C. rugosa INCQS 71011 was much more efficient degrading RR198, a single azo class dye, than it was towards RR 141, a double azo class dye, which took longer to be degraded and towards RB 241, another double azo class dye, which was not completely degraded under the conditions established in this study.…”