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The effect of new anti-mycoplasmal antibiotic, 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-9-S-D-ribofuranosyl adenine (2-AA) on virus multiplication was investigated. The 2-AA inhibited only the multiplication of measles virus among the viruses tested; i.e., herpes simplex virus, BK virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, measles virus and Echo virus. At a concentration of 5 Fig/ml of 2-AA, the inhibition of measles virus replication was complete, i.e., no infectious virus nor viral antigen detected. In contrast, 9-jS-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine (50 jig/ml) was active to herpes simplex virus and BK virus, and was inactive to measles virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and Echo virus. Results described herein may suggest that 2-AA affects the late function (perhaps the translation step) of the replication of measles virus. Arabinosylnucleosides, such as 1-(3-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (Ara-C), 9-19-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine (Ara-A) and 1-~-D-arabinofuranosyl thymine (Ara-T), are selective inhibitors of herpes virus replication'-'), and Ara-C and Ara-A have been used in chemotherapy of herpes virus infections','). The natural metabolite of Actinomadura sp. No. SA-4427, 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-9-~-D-ribofuranosyl adenine (2-AA) was found to show an inhibitory activity to mycoplasma and no effect on bacteria 4). This paper describes the antiviral activity and mode of action of 2-AA.