<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Neonatal dermatology, by definition, encompasses the spectrum of cutaneous disorders that arise during the first four weeks of life ranging from from physiological and transient to grossly pathological lesions in the skin of a neonate. The aim and objectives of the study were to determine the quantum of iatrogenic problems which can be minimized and prevented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 1000 neonates admitted in the tertiary care NICU of JJM Medical College were examined and spectrums of pathological cutaneous lesions noted.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 1000 neonates examined, 101 had iatrogenic cutaneous conditions which were commonly seen in day one of life in 48 neonates and least in newborns between 15-21 days. Skin lesions were commonly seen in full term neonates (59), followed by preterm (39) and post term (3) neonates.Among the iatrogenic injuries needle prick injury (83), thermal burns (12) and bronze baby syndrome (11) were most commonly were noted in LBW and the normal for weight neonates. A variety of other conditions which could not be categorized into any of the above categories accounted for 5 cases. These included albinism, Waardenburg syndrome, TORCH complex and Down’s syndrome and Goltz syndrome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Iatrogenic cutaneous abnormalities among neonates are under reported, with no detailed studies on these variants. Genetic, neonatal, maternal, social and geographic factors seen to influence the patterns of neonatal dermatoses. Hence, it is important for a dermatologist and paediatrician to have a thorough knowledge and to distinguish various iatrogenic manifestations and to minimize the outcomes during their stay in NICU.</p>
lignancy and autoinflammatory disorders. In order to improve the diagnosis of HLH, the Histiocyte Society published diagnostic guidelines in 1991, which were ex
An arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain or spine. Some AVM's have no specific symptoms and little or no signs to one's life or health, while others cause severe and devastating effects when they bleed. Treatment options range from conservative watching to aggressive surgery, depending on the type, symptoms and location of the AVM.
Background: Neonatal seizures may arise as a result of diverse etiologies and can have varied presentations. Biochemical abnormalities are commonly observed in neonates which can be either primary or secondary. Early recognition and treatment of biochemical disturbances is essential for optimal management and satisfactory long-term outcome.Methods: A total of 100 neonates presenting with seizures admitted to NICU of JJM Medical College, Davanagere, from November 2015 to April 2017 were enrolled in the study. Detailed antenatal, natal, postnatal history along with detailed examination was done along with baseline characteristics of convulsing were recorded at admission along with relevant biochemical investigations before instituting any specific treatment.Results: In the present study, out of 100 neonates studied, 64 were full term of which 49(76.5%) were AGA and 15(23.5%) were SGA, whereas 36 cases were preterm. Most neonatal seizures occurred in first 3 days of life, i.e. 59% of which majority occurred on first day of life (34%). Birth asphyxia and septicemia are common cause of neonatal seizures in present study (38 cases each), followed by pure metabolic disturbances 19%. In pure metabolic seizures, hypoglycemia (47.8%) is most common more in preterm babies (55%) followed by hypocalcemia.Conclusions: Biochemical abnormalities are common in neonatal seizures and often go unrecognized and may significantly contribute to seizure activity. Hence, a biochemical work up is necessary for all cases of neonatal seizures.
Background: Diphtheria is still a fatal infectious disease even in this era of universal immunization. The disease has been completely eradicated in most of the developed countries. On the contrary, in developing countries, although the incidence has drastically declined, still account for 80-90% of global burden. The objectives of this study is to study the clinical profile and predictors of outcome of patients with diphtheria.Methods: All children between the age group of 0 to 15 years admitted with signs and symptoms of diphtheria during January to August 2017 formed the study group. Throat swab for Albert’s stain and culture sensitivity were sent in all patients at the time of admission. All children were started on parenteral crystalline penicillin and Anti Diphtheritic Serum as recommended. All details that is demographic data, clinical features, immunization status, complications and outcome were entered in a proforma and analysed. Several variables were compared among the survivors and non-survivors to determine the predictors of outcome. Outcome is defined as either recovered or died.Results: A total of 42 patients were included in the study group. Among 42 patients, 21 (50 %) were between 5-10 years, 12 (28 %) were between 0-5 years and 9 patients (22 %) were more than 10 years. Most common symptoms were fever followed by throat pain, difficulty in swallowing and bull neck. Alberts stain was positive in 83% of cases and culture positivity in 30% of cases. Myocarditis (47%) was the most common complication followed by acute kidney injury (40%), airway compromise (59%) and thrombocytopenia (42%). A total number of 19 patients died.Conclusions: Diphtheria is highly fatal disease with increased mortality. Myocarditis was the commonest and most serious complication. Presence of myocarditis, AKI, thrombocytopenia, airway compromise and inadequate immunization are important predictors of outcome.
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