While most of the clinical concerns for Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited to the cardinal motor abnormalities, non-motor features like cognitive and psychological anomalies are also acquired ample of importance in last few decades. Progressive research has showcased several obvious incidences of cognitive and psychological anomalies in the pathophysiology of PD. It has been reported that, almost 30% PD sufferers show different degree of cognitive impairment but lack of awareness or negligence makes it difficult to diagnose it, at the initial stage of the disease. As a result, cognitive and psychological impairments continue to increases progressively and deteriorate the quality of life of the patient. It is presumable that, early detection of PD can be achieved by the identification of specific set of cognitive and psychological anomalies and the similar scope might open up new avenue in the non-invasive diagnosis of PD. In the present review, we have accumulated all the timely documentation on cognitive and psychological anomalies in PD and highlighted most of the non-motor features with rational justification for the relevance of their study in the early diagnosis of PD.

Morphometric comparison of the samples of Nemipterus japonicus populations from four different localities on the east coast of India is made. Analysis of covariance of morphometric characters reveals significance at I% level for three characters. Character by character comparison of the means of locality-samples shows that there is clinal gradation in maxillary length (south to north) and pectoral length (north to south). The distanoe function (D)2 analysis shows that Kakinada is the farthest removed from other localities, and Visakhapatnam and Madras samples are nearer to each other. Paradeep sample occupied an intermediate position among the locality-samples. It is concluded that all Nemipterus japonicus populations along the east coast of India are from a single genetic population, with restricted and localized movements confined to the areas where they are caught. The 0 bserved distinctness of Kakinada sample appears to be due to phenotypic variation under the influence of low salinity.