Рассматриваются методические вопросы комплексного использования пассивной и активной радиолокации для совершенствования методов раннего предупреждения развития глубокой конвекции, грозовых процессов и выявления зон обледенения в облаках. Обсуждаются некоторые результаты экспериментальных комплексных исследований атмосферы и мощных конвективных облаков с помощью наземных микроволновых радиометров и метеорологического радиолокатора на примере экспериментов в Северо-Западном регионе России.Ключевые слова: опасные явления погоды, гроза, метод пассивно-активной радиолокации, микроволновый радиометр, влагозапас атмосферы, водозапас облаков, водность переохлажденных облаков.
The method of ground-based microwave radiometry for determining the integral parameters of atmospheric moisture content, such as integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water content is considered. Some results of experimental studies of integrated water vapor and integrated cloud liquid in different regions by means of ground-based and ship-based of microwave radiometers are given. The microwave radiometric measurements of integrated water vapor were found to be in agreement with independent radiosonding data (rms is ∼1 kg/m2). Microwave radiometric measurements of integrated cloud liquid of stratified clouds are consistent with empirical models of cloudy atmosphere based on aircraft data sensing of clouds. The capabilities of the novel microwave water vapor radiometer for studying variations in atmospheric moisture content on micro and meso scales were demonstrated. Histograms of the moisture content are obtained, and an approximation for the temporal structural function of the integrated water vapor in a wide range of time scales is discussed.
The method of microwave radiometry for investigations of the atmospheric water vapor and integrated cloud liquid water content is considered. Some results of experimental studies of temporal and spatial variations in the integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water contents using ground-based microwave radiometers during different meteorological condition as well as during developments of dangerous weather phenomena are presented. The results of the experiments confirm the prospects of using microwave radiometric information for forecasting of dangerous weather events associated with the development of convective clouds and thunderstorms.
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