Children and adolescents with the high bone turnover comprise a high risk population for vitamin D insufficiency. A sample of 178 clinically healthy children aged 3 to 18 years who came from public schools and lived in North West of Greece participated in the study. They were grouped into three age groups (I: 3-10, II: 11-14 and III: 15-18 years of age). Blood samples were taken during winter and summer months for determining calciotropic hormones, calcium, phosphate and biochemical markers of bone synthesis.A high percentage (47%) of the subjects aged 15-18 years was found to have 25OHD <10 ng/ml in winter but much less (13-14%) of the younger ages (13-14 years), while in the summer they were all >10 ng/ml. The prevalence was even higher in the girls of the older group accompanied by lower Pi concentrations again in winter (win:1.19+/-0.03, sum:1.93+/-0.03 mmol/l, p < 0.001). The 24,25(OH)(2)D levels were changing in parallel to 25OHD, but again in the older subjects, during winter, they were by 2/3 lower than the summer ones (0.73+/-0.10 vs. 2.41+/-0.20 ng/ml, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between seasons and groups in the 1,25(OH)(2)D levels. The biochemical markers of bone synthesis, osteocalcin (OC) and total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were found significantly lower in the girls of the older group both in winter and summer respectively. Even in a sunny country like Greece the adolescents living in an urban area are in high risk for vitamin D deficiency during winter. Supplementation with vitamin D of milk, of popular beverages and perhaps some foods would be of help.
Two female siblings with primary idiopathic hypomagnesemia, born to consanguineous parents, are described. Both presented at 6 weeks of age, with convulsions and persistent hypocalcemia (calcium 1.5 adn 1.6 mmol/l; normal range (NR) 2.2-2.6 mmol/l), which could not be controlled with anticonvulsants and/or calcium gluconate. On further investigation they were also found to have hypomagnesemia (magnesium 0.17 mmol/l and 0.22 mmol/l; NR 0.65-1.05 mmol/l). Convulsions and the low serum calcium and magnesium levels were first managed by im and then by oral administration of magnesium supplements. A burst in circulating parathyroid hormone levels to well above the physiological range was observed at the start of therapy. Serum magnesium values of the mother and father were just below the normal range, with normal serum calcium. This type of infantile primary hypomagnesemia appears to be a hereditary disease with autosomal recessive characteristics, although a partially penetrant X-linked or autosomal dominant trait cannot be excluded.
IGF-II and the IGF-IIIMGP receptor are thought to play an important role in fetal growth and development. We have studied the expression of the IGF-IIIMGP receptor in fetal bovine tissues from 5 weeks through 36 weeks gestation.Tissues from bovine fetuses were extracted in buffer containing 2 % Triton-X-100 and 2 O/ o SDS. Aliquots of the protein extracts were analysed by SDS-PAGE and the protein bands were transfered onto nitrocellulose. lmmunobloning was performed using anti-IGF-IIIM6P receptor antiserum. In a subset of experiments, ligandblotting was carried out using radiolabeled IGF-II and subsequent auloradiography. IGF-IIIMGP receptors were expressed in all tissues examined. with Ihe highest amount of receptor being present in fetal lung and liver. Low amounts of receptors were measured in fetal brain. 157peter ~e l n z -~r l a n , Beate Dorka. Stefan Huber. Sablne walther, Alexander Faupner, Beat tiadorn and Adelbert A. Roscher. Dept. of Pedlatrlcs. Unlvcrsity or Munchen, ~1 ) -8 0 0 0 . Deutschland. Collumnar cells in eplthellal crypts are responsible for secretion of chlorlde and water In the lntestlne but the terminal celll1l:rr effectors of the secretory lnechanlsm remaln unknown. We comparatively assessed VIP-Induced chlorlde channel activlly and proteln phosphorylatlon In crypts, freshly Isolated from the r a t colon, and In the hurnan tumor cell-llne Caco-2. Chloride channel function was determlned by measurlng fluxes of LZJI-. a hallde tracer well suited for probing chloride secretion, since i t erllers and leaves polar eplthellal cells exclusively vla aplcal membrane chloride channels. Basal and VIP-stimu~ated (200 ~I M ) uptake showed slinllar klnellc behavlour In bolh cell types wlth V11' dccrcasing uptake by 70%. 111 crypts, the chlorlde char~rlel blocker 4.4,-dllsoth~oc~ano-2.2'-stilbenedlsulfonate (DIDS) completely Inhibited lotllte uptake a t 60 U M coriccntration whereas in (;aco-z cells I)I[)S had only a minor effect. 200 nM VIP also Induced phosyhoryiatlon of 16-42 and 5 5 kDa proteins In both cell types, arid se,.,:ral other proteInS, t h a t differed beLween the two cell types. One aim of human milk f o r t i f i e r s (HMF) i s t o adapt Ca and P intake t o the needs of VLBW i n f a n t s . W e compared Ca-and P-metabolism i n VLBW i n f a n t s e i t h e r fed own mothers milk (OMM) with IlMF (~~-8 5~, NestlB) o r f e d preterm formula (F) (PrematilR, Milupa) according t o ESPCAN. In 30 VLBW i n f a n t s ( b i r t h weight 570-1540 g) serum Ca (SCa. mg/dl), P (Sp, mg/dl) a l k . phosphatase (AP, U/1) and urinary Ca (UCa) and P (Up) excretion (mg/kg/d) were measured when o r a l energy i n t a k e exceeded 100 kcal/kg/d (Mi) and 2 weeks l a t e r (Me). HMF was given a f t e r MI. Random samples of O M M + HMF (n-13) and of F (n-3) were analysed: CLL 66i19 mg/dl vs 39-63 mg/dl, P 39f8 mg/dl vs 33-34 mg/dl. A t M p the r e s u l t s i n 1 3 i n f a n t s (1760k253 g ) fed O H M + HMF and 17 i n f a n t s (1825i281 g) f e d q were (* p < 0.05, U -t e s t ) : 160Department of Child ...
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