The thermodynamically controlled
synthesis of dendritic fractals
and nanorods via the hydrothermal reaction has been described, and
their extensive photocatalytic hydrogen production properties under
simulated solar light have been demonstrated. The long-range and short-range
growth of CdSe monomers has been controlled by varying the reaction
temperature from 100 to 200 °C. Changes in the physical and optical
properties of prepared dendrites and nanorods have been evidently
proven with microscopic analysis, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,
and BET analysis. A high-surface area CdSe dendritic fractal has been
incorporated with bifunctional Cu3P nanoparticles that
resulted in a highly efficient photocatalyst construction. Consequently,
a pivotal upswing in the photocatalytic performance of CdSe was found
by the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction with Cu3P. The unique properties of transition-metal phosphides kept them
as a highly capable co-catalyst to replace precious metals. The physicochemical
properties of the prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction,
transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
The key challenge in the photocatalytic water splitting process is
to develop an efficient photocatalyst not only with high chemical
and photochemical stability but also with strong solar light absorption
and effective charge separation ability. The co-catalyst Cu3P gives an effective path as it forms the S-scheme heterojunction
with CdSe dendritic fractals. This enhances photoactivity and stability
of the prepared composite. The composite made of CdSe and Cu3P showed a better rate of H2 production (92.1 mmol h–1 gcat
–1) with 4% visible
light to hydrogen conversion efficacy. The effects of Cu3P growth, size, and morphology of CdSe on the photocatalytic performance
have been studied. Based on the material characterization and photocatalytic
activity results, the working mechanism is also proposed.
The tremendous thermal and mechanical capabilities of carbon-based nanomaterials have drawn from researchers across the world. Composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and fullerenes (C20) were utilized in this study to increase their strength. A hot extrusion approach and a solution-based semipowder metallurgical technology were employed. Microscopically and mechanically, the samples were tested. Mechanical properties were assessed through the use of roughness and tensile tests. Even a small amount of nanocarbon (0.25 wt %) significantly improved the toughness and hardness qualities of AA7075. Composite reinforced with C20 was found to have higher hardness and yield strength than any other samples.
Corten steel is a low-carbon alloy steel. It is widely used in architecture, the transport sector, and industrial applications, where the steel is exposed to harsh environments. It is very much sought after due to its auto protection from corrosive environments through the formation of patina (rust). The specialty of patina formed on the corten steel is that it can self-heal itself and stop the spreading of corrosion. Generally, steels are given protective coatings to enhance resistance to corrosion, wear, abrasion, etc. One of the popular protective coating techniques is electroplating. In this study, the effect of electroplating of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) on the wear and corrosion behavior of Corten ASTM A242 grade steel is investigated. It was observed that the Cu coating yielded poor corrosion and wear protection performance. The Zn coating exhibited a moderate improvement. The Ni electroplating produced excellent results and, the wear and corrosion resistance was improved in the corten steel. Thus, when compared with Cu, Zn, and Ni coatings, the Ni-coated corten steel is an ideal candidate in applications where there is a need for good resistance to wear, abrasion, and corrosion.
In most current wire-bonding applications, electrical interconnection is accomplished by fine Cu wires bonded to Al bonding pads microfabricated on an IC chip and external contact pins of the PCB board. Corrosion-related failure defects between the Cu wire and Al bond pad have been an ongoing un-trackable reliability issue plaguing the IC packaging industry for the past ten years, despite approaching ppb levels. Most prior studies hypothesized that intermetallic compounds (IMCs) like Cu9Al4, and CuAl2 were responsible for the observed acute wire-bond lift-off corrosion defects. Further studies sought to quantify the rates of corrosion of these IMCs and explore the effects of mitigation efforts of adding Pd, relevant to Pd-coated Cu wire-bonding. However, utilizing a novel real-time corrosion screening approach, we previously established that peripheral bimetallic contact between Cu ball-bonds and Al bond pads also plays a substantial role in the aggressive Al pad corrosion, induced by chloride ion penetration, which often leads to device failure. In this work, we further explored the role of IMCs corrosion in wire-bond lift-off failure utilizing fundamental electrochemical studies to quantify rates of galvanic-induced corrosion of IMCs within the broader context of an interconnected stack of Al bond pad, Cu-Al IMCs and Cu bonding wire. We also explored the use of a corrosion inhibitor to suppress the galvanic corrosion currents of Al bond pad, and Al-rich IMCs when electrically connected to Cu wire or Cu-rich IMCs.
Corten steel is a type of weathering steel possessing high strength with low alloying elements content. The uniqueness of Corten steel lies in its excellent corrosion resistance to elements of nature, and having high strength to weight ratio among the carbon steels. The Corten steel is widely used in fabricating railway coaches, structures like bridges, etc. Even though the Corten steel is weldable, its inherent properties are lost during welding and other thermal processes. The behavior is due to the change in metallurgical and mechanical properties of Corten steel when undergoing processes exceeding the recrystallization temperature. Hence, necessitating the need for this research work. In this research work, the micro hardness, microstructure and grain size of Corten ASTM A242 Grade Steel was evaluated in as received normal condition and at recrystallization temperature. When the material is heated up to recrystallization temperature the formation of new grains is observed. Recrystallization had a positive impact on the microstructure and micro hardness of the Corten steel.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.