Discontinuity of seen motion reduces the visual motion aftereffect*Would a motion-picture film of a rotating spiral induce a spiral aftereffect? This question was studied in two experiments in which Ss viewed an animated film of circles collapsing to a point. The rate of apparent motion of the collapsing circles and the discontinuity of motion-the length of jump between successively projected circles-were varied independently. A visual aftereffect like the spiral aftereffect was created. The aftereffect increased in strength and duration with the rate of motion, but at all rates of motion it declined as discontinuity of motion increased. The results are taken as evidence that motion aftereffects are caused by selective fatigue of small, directionally sensitive motion-receptive fields.
The orbits with reference to the center of mass of two bodies under mutual inverse square law interaction are obtained by use of the eccentricity vector which is equivalent to the Lenz vector within a numerical factor. The parameters and orientation of the orbits are given.
The orientation and parameters of the orbit of a satellite under an inverse square law of force are obtained by use of the eccentricity vector, equivalent to the Lenz vector, from a typical set of initial conditions.
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