The object of research is the efficiency of dust collection of fine dust in an apparatus with an intense turbulent mode of phase interaction. One of the most problematic areas of the existing dust and gas cleaning equipment is the low efficiency of collecting fine dust. Effective cleaning of exhaust gases from dust involves the use of multi-stage cleaning systems, including wet and dry dust cleaning devices, which entails high capital and operating costs. These disadvantages are eliminated in the developed design of the cyclone-vortex dust collector with two contact zones. The device implements both dry and wet dust collection mechanisms, which allows for high efficiency of dust removal at high productivity.
The conducted studies of the total and fractional efficiency of dust collection when changing the operating parameters of the developed device showed that the efficiency of collecting fine dust is 98–99 %. The increase in the efficiency of dust collection in the dry stage of the device is due to an increase in centrifugal force. In the wet stage of contact, the efficiency reaches its maximum values due to the vortex crushing of the liquid in the nozzle zone of the apparatus. Studies of the fractional efficiency of the apparatus show that with an increase in the diameter of the captured particles, the efficiency of the dust collection process for dry and wet stages, as well as the overall efficiency, increases. With an increase in the density of irrigation, the overall efficiency of dust collection in the apparatus increases. It has been established that an increase in the efficiency of capturing highly dispersed particles occurs due to turbulent diffusion, the value of which is determined by the frequency of turbulent pulsations and the degree of entrainment of particles during the pulsating motion of packed bodies. To describe the results obtained, a centrifugal-inertial model for a dry contact stage and a turbulent-diffusion model of solid particle deposition for a wet contact stage are proposed, which make it possible to calculate the dust collection efficiency of the contact stages, as well as the overall efficiency of the cyclone-vortex apparatus.
The results obtained show the prospects of using devices of this design at heat power plants and other industries.
The description of additional secondary semi-finished products, or sulfur wastes, which occur because of the work of the oil production and refining industries, which are the main economic sector of the country, was considered in the given article. The negative impact of their vast territory on the environment, flora and fauna and the local population was represented in literary and practical form. It is scientifically proven that storage of sulfur waste in the open by enterprises in this area causes irreparable damage to human life. The ways of using the residues of oil production and refining sulfur as one of the main components of raw materials in the production of rubber products were studied. The results of the study of exemplary sulfur samples using modern physicochemical and electronmicroscopic methods showed its applicability. The research was conducted on the serial formulations of rubber compounds for lightweight tire filler cord of Tengiz sulfur and tire tread. The results of the study of the effect of Tengiz waste sulfur on the physicochemical and technical-operational properties of breaker and tread rubber were presented. Tengiz sulfur reduces the amount of sulfur in the formulation without reducing the rate of vulcanization, which eventually leads to an increase in the quality of the rubber. In addition, it was found that the use of Tengiz sulfur allows regulating the elastic properties of rubber.
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