Professional gaming is organized competitive digital gameplay supported by advertisers and businesses. With its rising popularity and spectatorship, virtual gaming as a profession is now a reality. The aim of this paper is to evaluate peer-reviewed articles from the past two decades that empirically examine gaming as a profession or the myriad facets of being a professional gamer published in scholarly journals. The themes that emerge from the results of the included studies ( n = 32) are (a) the socio-cultural appeal of gaming as a profession, (b) socio-psychological elements of pro-gamers’ everyday lives, and (c) the health and physiology of pro-gamers. It is found that the literature on health and physiology ( n = 14) overshadows other dimensions of pro-gaming in academic research. In conclusion, studies must reflect on gamers’ legal status as working professionals, their organizational contracts, and the legality of the industry country by country to fill the research gap.
The Short Strip ASIC (SSA) is one of the four front-end
chips designed for the upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker for the High
Luminosity LHC. Together with the Macro-Pixel ASIC (MPA) it will
instrument modules containing a strip and a macro-pixel sensor
stacked on top of each other. The SSA provides both full readout of
the strip hit information when triggered, and, together with the
MPA, correlated clusters called stubs from the two sensors for use
by the CMS Level-1 (L1) trigger system. Results from the first
prototype module consisting of a sensor and two SSA chips are
presented. The prototype module has been characterized at the
Fermilab Test Beam Facility using a 120 GeV proton beam.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major
upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to
5–7.5×1034 cm-2s-1. This High Luminosity
upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of
3000–4000 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a
center-of-mass energy of 13–14 TeV. To cope with these
challenging environmental conditions, the strip tracker of the CMS
experiment will be upgraded using modules with two closely-spaced
silicon sensors to provide information to include tracking in the
Level-1 trigger selection. This paper describes the performance, in
a test beam experiment, of the first prototype module based on the
final version of the CMS Binary Chip front-end ASIC before and after
the module was irradiated with neutrons. Results demonstrate that
the prototype module satisfies the requirements, providing efficient
tracking information, after being irradiated with a total fluence
comparable to the one expected through the lifetime of the
experiment.
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