Hydroxyapatite cements are safe in craniofacial reconstruction. The highest risk of implant infection comes from reconstruction in the area of the frontal sinus, immediately beneath coronal incisions, and in patients who receive postoperative radiation treatment. Based on our results, there does appear to be a statistically significant difference in rates of infection and foreign body reaction between the different types of hydroxyapatite cement. We would not recommend implantation of this material in contact with the frontal sinus. Caution should be exercised when it is placed directly beneath an incision or in patients receiving postoperative radiation, particularly if a boost dose is given.
To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic cauterization as definitive treatment for fourth branchial cleft sinuses. Design: Retrospective chart review with follow-up questionnaire. Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital. Patients: Ten children (age range, 10 months to 10 years) with fourth branchial cleft sinuses treated with endoscopic cauterization between 1995 and 2002. Main Outcome Measure: Recurrence of neck infections after endoscopic cauterization of fourth brachial cleft sinus tracts. Results: Seven of the 10 patients treated with endoscopic cauterization of the fourth branchial cleft sinuses showed no recurrence with an average follow-up of 3 years. Three of the patients were unavailable for followup, but medical records of the hospital showed no additional admissions for those patients for neck masses. No morbidity of the procedure was identified. All patients were discharged the day of surgery. Conclusions: Endoscopic cauterization of fourth branchial cleft sinuses appears to be an effective alternative to open excision.
We report the identification of a kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KH) in the oropharynx of a 3-year-old boy. This is a rare endothelial-derived spindle cell neoplasm affecting children and early adolescents with features common to capillary hemangioma and Kaposi sarcoma. Nine cases of head and neck KH have been reported, this being the first in the otolaryngology literature. Our patient underwent wide local excision and has remained tumor free for over 1 year. KH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a vascular lesion demonstrating unexpected behavior from that of a hemangioma.
The described technique of endoscopic repair of orbital floor fractures represents a precise method of fracture repair that results in excellent outcomes with minimal morbidity in the majority of patients. It allows for immediate fracture repair without the need to wait for periorbital edema to settle. It also allows for clear visualization of the entire fracture for precise graft placement.
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