The production of electricity by Shewanella putrefaciens in the absence of exogenous electron acceptors was examined in a single compartment fuel cell with different types of electrodes and varying physiological conditions. Electricity production was dependent on anode composition, electron donor type and cell concentration. A maximum current of 2.5 mA and a current density of 10.2 mW/m(2)electrode was obtained with a Mn(4+) graphite anode, 200 mM sodium lactate and a cell concentration of 3.9 g cell protein/ml. Current production by S. putrefaciens was enhanced 10-fold when an electron mediator (i.e., Mn(4+) or neutral red) was incorporated into the graphite anode.
Abstract. The oxidation behavior of Fe-77Ni alloy scrap was studied under a 0.2 atm oxygen partial pressure at the temperature range of 400°C to 900°C. The oxidation rate was found to be increased with an increase of temperature and followed the parabolic rate law with linearly proportional to temperature. Microstructure and cross-sectional area of the oxide layer were examined by SEM, EDX, and XRD. It could be speculated that rate-limiting step was controlled by diffusion through either the spinel structure or the NiO layer, both of which were present in this alloy during oxidation at elevated temperatures. In the long run, oxide powder less than 10 m from Fe-77Ni alloy scrap was obtained using ball-milling and sieving processes and recovery ratio approached up to 97% for 15 hours.
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