By surveying extensive epidemiological behavioural and sexual risk factors in a Korean twin cohort, risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were investigated in South Korea. A total of 912 vaginal specimens were collected from the Healthy Twin Study, consisting of twins and their families. A range of epidemiological, behavioural, and sexual activity characteristics were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses of family and twin relationships, adjusted to elucidate the risk factors for HPV infection. Of the various epidemiological characteristics, the possibility of extramarital affairs [odds ratio (OR) 2·48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·02-6·02] significantly increased the prevalence of HPV infection. Our multivariate regression analysis indicated that oral contraceptive use (OR 40·64, 95% CI 0·99-1670·7) and history of sexually transmitted disease (OR 2·56, 95% CI 0·93-7·10) were strongly associated with an increase in HPV infection. On the other hand, more frequent vaginal douching (OR 0·32, 95% CI 0·13-0·77) significantly decreased the prevalence of HPV infection. Our results suggested that HPV infection is associated with both biological and behavioural factors.
The cyclohexanone monooxygenase ( CHMO) gene of Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871 was simultaneously expressed with the genes encoding molecular chaperones and foldases in Escherichia coli. While the expression of the CHMO gene alone resulted in the formation of inclusion bodies, coexpression of the chaperone or foldase genes remarkably increased the production of soluble CHMO enzyme in recombinant E. coli. Furthermore, it was found that molecular chaperones were more beneficial than foldases for enhancing active CHMO enzyme production. The recombinant E. coli strain simultaneously expressing the genes for CHMO, GroEL/GroES and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE showed a specific CHMO activity of 111 units g(-1) cell protein, corresponding to a 38-fold enhancement in CHMO activity compared with the control E. coli strain expressing the CHMO gene alone.
, total 467 patients who underwent curative resectionwith GB cancer were retrospectively reviewed, and 181 patients with T2 GB cancer patients were conducted. Surgical treatments was categorized as cholecystectomy alone (n = 65), radical resection following cholecystectomy (n = 23), simultaneous radical resection (n = 81), or other extensive surgery (n = 12). The extent of radical resection was liver wedge resection with regional lymphadenectomy. Each surgical treatments and their association with survival were analyzed. Results: Median follow-up periods was 45.5 months. Simultaneous radical resection showed significant survival benefit rather than cholecystectomy alone.(5-year survival 69.8% vs 48.7% P = 0.003) Radical resection following cholecystectomy also showed significant survival benefit rather than cholecystectomy alone.(5-year survival 89.7% vs 48.7% P = 0.001). And extensive surgery showed a survival benefit similar to simultaneous radical resection. (5-year survival 56.2% vs 69.8% P = 0.795). Conclusion: Radical resection showed definite survival benefit rather than simple cholecystectomy alone. Therefore, radical resection should be performed for T2 GB cancer and subsequent radical resection is also needed in patients with incidentally found T2 GB cancer after simple cholecystectomy. Extensive surgery can be considered as treatment strategy in T2 GB cancer.
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