Clinical examination findings, specifically Campbell's test, can be used to determine elbow CL integrity in dogs and cats. The contralateral elbow should be used as a control, because of interanimal variability in angles of rotation.

SummaryTrochlear notch sclerosis (TNS) as assessed by radiography has been shown to be increased in elbow dysplasia (ED) associated medial coronoid process disease (MCD). The aims of this study were to investigate whether two defined radiographic tests evaluating TNS would increase the sensitivity of detecting osteoarthritis secondary to MCD, and to assess whether there was a correlation between increasing TNS with severity of MCD. Sixty-one dogs with MCD (121 elbows) were selected from the imaging database. The controls were nine cadavers (18 disease-free elbows). Standard International Elbow Working Group radiographs and CT scans were taken of each elbow. Plain radiographs were analysed using various assessments: osteophyte grade (0–3), coronoid grade (0–3), TNS descriptive grade (0–3) and TNS ratio. The TNS ratio was calculated from the depth of ulnar sclerosis at the level of the disto-cranial margin of the humeral condyles divided by the cranio-caudal ulna depth. The TNS descriptive assessment and ratio both increased the overall sensitivity of diagnosing osteoarthritis secondary to MCD above the other radiographic tests. The sensitivity of the TNS ratio at <0.3 mm was 91%-96% and the TNS descriptive assessment was 77%-96%. Radio-graphic TNS significantly increased with increasing severity of coronoid disease grade as evaluated by CT p<0.01. The finding that TNS increases the sensitivity of diagnosing osteoarthritis secondary to MCD is valuable to those that have neither a CT scanner nor arthroscopy readily available. The assessments described in this study are easy to apply and do not require any sophisticated technology in order to detect sclerosis.

A seven-year-old, 31 kg male neutered Labrador was investigated for signs of feminisation syndrome and prostatic disease four years after castration and removal of a testicular sertoli cell tumour (SCT). Investigations revealed an elevated serum oestradiol-17beta concentration, a pulmonary mass containing fluid high in oestradiol-17beta and cystic changes in the prostate gland. The pulmonary mass was surgically excised and histologically confirmed to be a SCT metastasis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a proven functional extranodal SCT metastasis and the first to be diagnosed by oestradiol-17beta measurement of intralesional fluid.

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is an important component in the pre-operative assessment of pelvic fractures in humans. The value of CT images in the management of small animal pelvic fractures is presently undetermined. The objective of this study was to investigate the benefits of CT images on the management of pelvic fractures. A prospective study of 25 traumatised cases of canine and feline pelvic fractures were evaluated, where CT images and conventional orthogonal radiographic assessments were performed on each case. Three diplomat orthopaedic surgeons independently reviewed the radiographs and CT images on separate occasions and determined fracture classification, management plan, estimated recovery time and prognosis. A consensus review of the imaging modalities and surgical reports was used as the definitive fracture description. For all observers, management was not found to differ significantly between radiographic and CT analysis (P< 0.05). There was moderate agreement between observers and between imaging modalities for fracture description. Greatest discrepancy was found as the fracture complexity increased, such as with acetabula and sacral fractures, whereby CT was the most sensitive. Clinically high quality radiography would be recommended for all pelvic fracture cases; CT may be beneficial where there is uncertainty, particularly with acetabula fractures or sacral fractures causing neurological deficits. Experienced orthopaedic surgeons often disagreed on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pelvic trauma.