Herein, genetic relationships among five breeds of Bulgarian sheep were estimated using microsatellite markers. The total number of alleles identified was 226 at the 16 loci examined. DA distance values were used for phylogenetic tree construction with the UPGMA algorithm. The two Tsigai and two Maritza populations were found to be geneticallvery closely related to each other y (0.198, and 0.258 respectively). The Pleven Black Head population was distinct from the other four. These results could be useful for preserving genes in these breeds, thereby ensuring their preservation in Bulgaria.
This review describes sheep genetic resources in Bulgaria with coloured wool and evaluates the country’s potential for coloured wool production. In 2018, Bulgaria counted 125,422 animals belonging to 18 native sheep breeds, six of which are in danger of extinction. Native sheep breeds in Bulgaria can be divided into three groups depending on the fleece colour of the animals: i) sheep breeds with fully pigmented fleece in all animals; ii) sheep breeds with animals with fully pigmented fleece or fully white fleece; iii) sheep breeds with spotted coloured fleece. Colouration in populations of the native Bulgarian sheep breeds can be explained by the phenotypic expression of several alleles of coat colour genes: ExtensionD, Agoutia and Pigmented headT , while white colour is due to the presence of the dominant Agoutiwt allele.Based on the relative share of the animals with coloured wool, the country’s potential for annual coloured wool production from native breeds was estimated at a minimum of 133,791 kg of unwashed wool. Recent tendencies in lifestyle changes of the Bulgarian people are gradually leading to increased interest in naturally coloured wool products, which may benefit the conservation of endangered native breeds by promoting relevant breeding programmes.
Researches on check of ram-breeders to quality of breed at early age were carried out in "Sharbulak" breed complex of Kazygurtskiy region of the Southern Kazakhstan area, on sheep of breed of the South Kazakh merino. The selected 5 rams were used in the tupping of dam at the age of 7 months. Carrying out scientifically-research works on early forecasting of breeding qualities of rams of breed of the South Kazakh merino testify that on meat qualities, it means that according to the carried-out control slaughter results of the rams No. 209620, 200279 and 219683 were as subjects of the graded up of breed and the ram No. 203383 was neutral, and the ram No. 200297 was recognized as retrogressers of breed, it follows from this that further use of rams No. 200297 and 203383 is not expediently and it is subject to rejection from flock. Thus, introduction of a preliminary estimate of ram-breeders according to the control slaughter results of the breed at the age of 7 months, for 2 years earlier allows to research the best rams, and more reasonably to use them in the subsequent tupping season, at the same time to reduce charges of the rams which are neutral and retrogressers of breed.
The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of salt-free - salt diet (SFSD) on the size of antral follicles during salt consumption, the duration of controlled breeding campaign and the fertilities of ewes from the Ile de France breed. Тhe experiment was carried out with 57 ewes, which were divided into 3 groups (19 ewes in each) depending on whether they were subjected to SFSD and their contacts with rams during the first 8 days of the beginning of breeding: Group I – SFSD + ram contact; Group II – only SFSD; Group III – no SFSD, only ram contacts. The first day of the salt diet coincided with the first day of ram contacts. Transrectal ultrasound examinations of the ovaries were done on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. The time of manifestation of estrus (in days), pregnancy rate and fecundity were studied. A significant effect of time (P<0.05) and diet (P<0.01) on the size of follicles was established. The onset of the first estrus, the shortest terms of breeding campaign, the fertility and the fecundity results gave us reason to favour the scheme applied to Group II. A stimulatory effect of the diet in that study was demonstrated, but the pattern was different from our previous studies.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze tendencies in the population of Patch Faced Maritza sheep breed and estimation of sustainability of the breeding program for this breed by analyzing continuity of farmer`s breeding activity. Patch Faced Maritza sheep breed is a local Bulgarian sheep breed typical for lowland regions of South Bulgaria and could be successfully used as local genetic resource in productive strategies for milk and meat production. Data about breeders and population structure of the breed during 27 years (1991-2017) were provided by the breeding association of Maritza sheep breed. The changes in the population structure during the 2005-2017 were tracking. The number of breeders included in the breeding program was increased from 10 to 88 herds. This positive trend in the population and increased farmer`s interest to participate in the breeding program were due to government programs for supporting sheep farming and preserve many indigenous sheep breeds that are part of agricultural heritage. The increased number of herds included in the breeding program led up to enlarge active population in three main reproductive categories: ewes, rams and breeding lambs. Comparatively small number of ewes, rams and breeding lambs which in 2005 were respectively 375, 13 and 180 run to 7678, 493 and 1868 in 2017. This enlarge of active population was achieved by three ways: joining farmers which kept Patch Faced Maritza sheep but not participating in official breeding program of the breed, increasing the breeding lambs for replacement rate and limited upgrade crossing. On the based breeding activity contracts with farmers it was estimated continuity of breeding activity in two categories of breeders: finished breeding activity with the breed and continuing with active breeding activity with the breed. The causes for discontinuing of active farmers breeding work were analysed. A total number of farmers which finished breeding activity was 54 for 27 years. Averaged continuity of farmer`s breeding activity was 4.26 years. The analysis of this information find out five reasons for discontinuing farmers breeding activity: disinterest, death, old age, switching to another business, and changing the breed. From the listed reasons the most important are switching to another business 23 farmers and disinterest for active breeding work 17 farmers. The most important fact results nowadays is the fact that Patch Faced Maritza sheep is occurred already in 11 regions in Bulgaria, although 74.11% of the population is situated in two regions Plovdiv and Pazardzhik.
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