This paper introduces an experimental probe of the sterile neutrino with a novel, high-intensity source of electron antineutrinos from the production and subsequent decay of 8 Li. When paired with an existing ∼1 kton scintillator-based detector, this Eν =6.4 MeV source opens a wide range of possible searches for beyond standard model physics via studies of the inverse beta decay interaction νe + p → e + + n. In particular, the experimental design described here has unprecedented sensitivity toνe disappearance at ∆m 2 ∼ 1 eV 2 and features the ability to distinguish between the existence of zero, one, and two sterile neutrinos.PACS numbers: 14.60.Pq, 14.60.StThe beta decay-at-rest of 8 Li produces an isotropic electron antineutrino flux with an average energy of 6.4 MeV. An underground liquid scintillator based detector can be used to detect these antineutrinos via the inverse beta decay (IBD) processν e + p → e + + n. The antineutrino rate and energy, peaking at 9 MeV, can be fully reconstructed by the detector. Precise energy and vertex reconstruction opens the possibility of searching for antineutrino disappearance due to oscillations, which, in the simplest two-neutrino form, has the probabilitywhere θ is the disappearance mixing angle; ∆m 2 (eV 2 ) is the squared mass splitting; L is the distance (in meters) from the antineutrino source to the detector; and E (MeV) is the antineutrino energy. This probability is maximized in the range of ∆m 2 ∼ E/L. An existing large scintillator-based antineutrino detector with a diameter of O(10 m), when combined with an 8 Li isotope decay-at-rest source, is sensitive to oscillations at ∆m 2 ∼ 1 eV 2 . This is an oscillation region of high interest due to anomalies that have been observed in the data from LSND [1], MiniBooNE [2], short-baseline reactor studies [3], and gallium source calibration runs [4]. These anomalies are often interpreted as being due to sterile neutrinos [5][6][7][8] and have motivated the development of the IsoDAR (Isotope Decay-At-Rest) concept.IsoDAR-style sources have been considered before [9][10][11]. The design presented here, consisting of an ion source, cyclotron, and target, is the first with a sufficiently high antineutrino flux to address the existence of one or more sterile neutrinos. 5 IBD interactions in a five year run. Such events allow a definitive search for antineutrino oscillations with the added ability to distinguish between models with one and two sterile neutrinos. A sample of more than 7200ν e -electron scatters is also accumulated during this time and can be used as a sensitive electroweak probe.The charged particle beam, used for electron antineutrino production, originates with a 60 MeV/amu cyclotron accelerating 5 mA of H + 2 ions. The design of this compact cyclotron [15] is ongoing and is envisaged as the injector for the accelerator system of the DAEδALUS physics program [16,17]. The IsoDAR design calls for about a factor of six increase in intensity compared to compact cyclotrons used in the medical isotope industry. ...

In the DAEδALUS (Decay-At-rest Experiment for δCP studies At the Laboratory for Underground Science) project, high power H + 2 cyclotron chains are proposed to efficiently provide proton beams with a kinetic energy of 800 MeV and an average power in the MW range. Space charge plays a pivotal role in both the injector and the ring cyclotrons. Large-scale particle simulations show that the injector cyclotron is a space charge dominated cyclotron and that a 5mA beam current can be extracted with tolerable beam losses on the septum. In contrast, in the ring cyclotron, no space charge induced beam loss is observed during acceleration and extraction.

This whitepaper describes the status of the DAEδALUS program for development of high power cyclotrons as of the time of the final meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields 2013 Community Study ("Snowmass"). We report several new results, including a measurement capability between ∼4 and 12 degrees on the CP violating parameter in the neutrino sector. Past results, including the capability of the IsoDAR high ∆m 2 νe disappearance search, are reviewed. A discussion of the R&D successes, including construction of a beamline teststand, and future plans are provided. This text incorporates short whitepapers written for subgroups in the Intensity Frontier and Frontier Capabilities Working Groups that are available on the Snowmass website.

Charged particle therapy, or so-called hadrontherapy, is developing very rapidly. There is large pressure on the scientific community to deliver dedicated accelerators, providing the best possible treatment modalities at the lowest cost.In this context, the Italian research Foundation TERA is developing fast-cycling accelerators, dubbed 'cyclinacs'. These are a combination of a cyclotron (accelerating ions to a fixed initial energy) followed by a high gradient linac boosting the ions energy up to the maximum needed for medical therapy. The linac is powered by many independently controlled klystrons to vary the beam energy from one pulse to the next. This accelerator is best suited to treat moving organs with a 4D multi-painting spot scanning technique.A dual proton/carbon ion cyclinac is here presented. It consists of an Electron Beam Ion Source, a superconducting isochronous cyclotron and a high-gradient linac. All these machines are pulsed at high repetition rate (100-400 Hz). The source should deliver both C 6+ and H 2 + ions in short pulses (1.5 μs flat-top) and with sufficient intensity (at least 10 8 fully stripped carbon ions at 300 Hz). The cyclotron accelerates the ions to 120 MeV/u. It features a compact design (with superconducting coils) and a low power consumption. The linac has a novel C-band high gradient structure and accelerates the ions to variable energies up to 400 MeV/u. High RF frequencies lead to power consumptions which are much lower than the ones of synchrotrons for the same ion extraction energy.This work is part of a collaboration with the CLIC group, which is working at CERN on highgradient electron-positron colliders.

We present an upgrade to the particle-in-cell ion beam simulation code OPAL that enables us to run highly realistic simulations of the spiral inflector system of a compact cyclotron. This upgrade includes a new geometry class and field solver that can handle the complicated boundary conditions posed by the electrode system in the central region of the cyclotron both in terms of particle termination, and calculation of self-fields. Results are benchmarked against the analytical solution of a coasting beam. As a practical example, the spiral inflector and the first revolution in a 1 MeV/amu test cyclotron, located at Best Cyclotron Systems, Inc., are modeled and compared to the simulation results. We find that OPAL can now handle arbitrary boundary geometries with relative ease. Comparison of simulated injection efficiencies, and beam shape compare well with measured efficiencies and a preliminary measurement of the beam distribution after injection. * winklehn@mit.edu; Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Objective In acromegaly, both lipotoxicity secondary to GH excess and insulin resistance have a significant impact on the liver. Ultrasonography has shown poor sensitivity in detecting hepatic steatosis and noninvasive methods have been proposed. We evaluated the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), a validated surrogate index of hepatic steatosis, and we correlated it with disease activity and insulin resistance. Design Thirty-one patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly were studied at diagnosis and after 12 months of treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands. Methods Glucose and insulin levels, surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity, and hepatic steatosis through ultrasonography and HSI were evaluated. Results At diagnosis, ultrasonography documented steatosis in 19 patients (61.2%) while 26 (83.8%) showed high HSI. After 12 months, both GH (p = 0.033) and IGF-1 (p < 0.001) significantly decreased and, overall, 58% of patients were classified as controlled. Ultrasonography documented steatosis in all the same initial 19 patients, while only 14 patients (45.1%) showed high HSI (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in HOMA-IR (p = 0.002) and HSI (p < 0.001) and increased ISI Matsuda (p < 0.001), was documented. The change of HSI from baseline to 12 months was found to be directly correlated with the change of ISI (Rho -0.611; p = 0.004) while no correlation was found with the change of GH or IGF-1 levels and other parameters. Conclusions In acromegaly, HSI is mainly related with insulin resistance and the reduction of GH and IGF-1 levels, and above all the improvement in insulin sensitivity leads to an improvement of this surrogate index of hepatic steatosis.

This technical report reviews the tests performed at the Best Cyclotron Systems, Inc. facility in regards to developing a cost effective ion source, beam line transport system, and acceleration system capable of high H + 2 current output for the IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest) experiment. We begin by outlining the requirements for the IsoDAR experiment then provide overview of the Versatile Ion Source, Low Energy Beam Transport system, spiral inflector, and cyclotron. The experimental measurements are then discussed and the results are compared with a thorough set of simulation studies. Of particular importance we note that the Versatile Ion Source (VIS) proved to be a reliable ion source capable of generating a large amount of H + 2 current. The results suggest that with further upgrades, the VIS could potentially be a suitable candidate for IsoDAR. The conclusion outlines the key results from our tests and introduces the forthcoming work this technical report has motivated.

The Catania VIS 2.46 GHz source has been installed on a test stand at the Best Cyclotron Systems, in Vancouver, Canada, as part of the DAEδALUS and IsoDAR R&D program. Studies to date include optimization for H2 (+)/p ratio and emittance measurements. Inflection, capture, and acceleration tests will be conducted when a small test cyclotron is completed.