Use of paper mill residuals as soil amendment on farmland is believed to have a beneficial impact on crop yields and soil quality. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of spring applying Domtar Soil Conditioner (SC) (pulp and paper mill waste water treatment residue) to a sandy soil in eastern Ontario, Canada. The effects of SC on corn (Zea mays L.) yields, N concentrations in plants, and post-harvest levels in soil of NO 3 , P, K, Mg, organic matter (OM), and pH were investigated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments, replicated four times. The treatments included two SC rates (15 and 25 Mg ha 21 dry matter: SC15 and SC25), 150 kg ha 21 NH 4 NO 3 -N (N150), a composite SC and mineral fertilizer treatment (15 Mg ha 21 dry matter SC and 75 kg ha 21 NH 4 NO 3 -N: SC15N75), and a control. The experiment was repeated annually from 1997 to 2001. Addition of SC the spring before planting increased grain yield by 2360 kg ha 21 for SC15 and by 2908 kg ha 21 for SC25 vs. the control. When N was also added (SC15N75), the average increase vs. the control was 3406 kg ha 21 . More total N was measured in the corn plants from the plots amended with SC than the control. The SC amendments temporarily increased soil OM but did not increase NO 3 -N leaching risk. Annual spring application of SC improved corn yield but had little impact on soil nutrient levels, OM, and pH.

The MORSE code is a multipurpose neutron and gamma-ray xransport Monte Carlo code. Through the use of multigroup cross sections, the solution of neutron, gamma-ray, or coupled neutron-gamma-ray problems may be obtained in either the forward or adjoint mode. Time dependence for both shielding and criticality problems ir pxovided. General three-dimensional geometry, as well as specialized one-dimensional geometry descriptions, may be used with an albedo option av.ulable at any material surface. Standard multigroup cross sections such as those used in discrete ordinates codes may be used as input; either ANISN or DTP-IV cross-section formats are acceptable. Anisotropic scattering is treated for each groupto-group transfer by utilizing a generalized Gaussian quadrature technique. The modular form of the code with built-in analysis capability for all types of estimators makes it possible to solve a complete neutron-gammaray problem as one job and without the use of tapes. A detailed discussion of the relationship between forward and adjoint flux and collision densities, as well as a detailed description of the treatment of the angle of scattering, is given in the appendices. Logical flow charts for each subroutine add to the understanding of the code. viii

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