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Cornelian cherries has been grown Balkan peninsula no apparent disease and pest problems for centuries. The most important pomological and technological properties of cornelian cherry genetic resources (eleven local and introduced varieties and selections) in Gornje Polimlje, Montenegro were studied in four–year periods. Fruit weight, stone weight, and mesocarp/stone ratio shows great variation and varied between 1.89 to 6.16 g, 0.32 to 0.64 g and between 76.66 and 90.59%, respectively. Genotypes significantly differed each other in terms of yield determined as per trunk cross section area (TCSA). For better visualization of the agronomical traits important to the yield, i.e., yield per TCSA and fruit weight data is presented in combination as measured in the years of study. The best promising genotypes are Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, and Krupnoplodni NS, which had consistently higher yield and large fruits for sustainable fruit production. Dry matter, total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, total acidity, Ca–pectate, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, and ash content of cornelian cherry cultivars and selections were found between 19.81–24.46%, 10.94–14.47%, 10.44–13.09%, 0.24–1.23%, 1.92–2.51%, 2.76–4.43%, 41.09–101.27 mg/100 g, 0–157.06 mg/100 g, 183.91–307.9 mg/100 g, and 0.89–1.16%, respectively. The amount of potassium, which predominates in percentage of minerals in the ash, ranged from 2888 to 3574 mg/kg. The extensiveness of the study leads, therefore, to several clear conclusions and recommendations. Consistently, the best balance of biochemical elements in combination with good yield and fruit size measurements is found in selection Krupnoplodi NS. If consider fruit size and yield efficiency are priority, Vladimirskiy, Chisinau yellow, Kosten 3, and Krupnoplodni NS have clear advantage over the other genotypes. The study highlights the importance of local cornelian cherry selections for sustainable cornelian cherry production in Montenegro.

In this paper are presented three years data (2009-2011) of biological traits of 30 cornelian cherry genotypes selected from the natural population of the region Upper Polimlje in Montenegro. Time of maturity, cropping, fruit and stone weight, size, fruit shape index and peel colour, content of flesh in total fruit mass and the soluble solids continent are presented. The aim of this paper is selection and preservation of cornelian cherry genotypes from natural population of Upper Polimlje that deserve attention due to their biological traits and recommendation of these genotypes for future propagation in present agricultural conditions or as a starting material in breeding of this fruit species. Genotypes BA 70, BP 04, BP 17 and BP 44 with high cropping coefficient from 0.34 to 0.50 are worthy of attention as a big biological potential. For table consumption genotypes BA 70 and BP 21 are interesting, with fruit weight above 4 g, and genotypes PL 98, BP 44, PL 99, BP 36 and BP 22 with content of flesh in total fruit mass above 89% for processing. High content of soluble solids in the fruit, above 19%, are characteristic for genotypes BP 01, BP 06, BA 13, BP 38 and BP 40.

Centuries-old generative reproduction, relatively favourable agro-ecological conditions, natural selection, and anthropogenic roles have significantly influenced the formation of a rich, heterogeneous population of common walnuts in Montenegro. This variability can be exploited by applying a positive selection of genotypes that would have good ecological adaptability and high economic value and that would not lag behind walnut varieties originating from other countries. The paper presents the results of studying 20 selected walnut genotypes from the continental part of Montenegro in a three-year period. Šeinovo variety and the Rasna selection were used as standard. The most important biological and pomological properties were investigated based on the international walnut descriptor. The basic criteria on which the selection approach was based were: late vegetation initiation, earlier date of end of vegetation, well kernel ratio, ease of kernel removal from the shell, shell texture that should be less rough, protecting the kernel, tasty kernel, light coloured kernel, and good chemical composition of the kernel. Genotypes had fruit weight between 8.43 and 13.84 g, kernel weight between 4.20 and 6.54 g, kernel ratio between 39.20 and 52.25%, oil content between 62.04 and 67.23%, and protein content between 13.91 and 19.04%. Most of the selected genotypes have the late time of leaf bud burst, and from that point of view, the BP44 and BP42 genotypes that the leafing on May 5 and 6 are especially interesting, due to avoidance of late frost. The walnut is adapted to the existing agro-ecological conditions over a long period of successful growth in this region, and most genotypes finish their vegetation earlier and are prepared to enter the period of winter dormancy. Genotypes BP09 and AN29 with their properties surpass the worldwide recognized Šeinovo, and in this region, highly valued selection Rasna. BP48 and BP50 genotypes also deserve attention due to the quality of the fruit.

SažetakPoljoprivrednici i pčelari žele da pčele što efikasnije opraše poljoprivredne kulture. U tu svrhu se posebno pripremaju pčelinja društva, jer oprašivanje većine kultura pada rano u sezoni, kada se u košnici ne nalazi obilje pčela radilica. Dosta voćnih vrsta ima ogroman značaj za pčele, za njihov rani razvoj društva u rano proljeće (lijeska, badem, drijen, džanarika, itd.) i pripremu za glavnu pašu. U našim uslovima u oprašivanju voćaka medonosne pčele učestvuju sa preko 85 %, dok na sve ostale oprašivače otpada 14-15 %. Cilj ovog rada je da se izračuna razlika u % oprašenih, odnosno zametnutih plodova kod starih sorti šljive i jabuke, sa i bez prisustva pčela, te utvrdi uticaj na prinos obilježenih stabala ispitivanih sorti. U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodišnjeg istraživanja (2010 i 2011. godine), uloge pčela u oprašivanju nekih starih sorti šljiva i jabuka u Gornjem Polimlju. Prije cvjetanja izbrojani su cvjetovi na granama koje su izolovane mrežom od tila i na granama gdje su pčele imale slobodan pristup. Nakon cvjetanja i oprašivanja izbrojani su plodovi na obilježenim granama. Kod sorte Komperuša procenat zametnutih plodova na neizolovanim granama bio je 84 %, a na izolovanim 37,87 %. Od ukupnog broja zametnutih plodova, kod sorte Crveni piskavac, pred berbu je ostalo 23,55 % na neizolovanim nasuprot 11,50 % na izolovanim granama, što ukazuje da je prinos za oko 50 % veći ako oprašivanje vrše pčele.Ključne riječi: medonosna pčela, oprašivanje šljiva i jabuka, prinos UvodOd pčela se mogu dobiti direktne koristi kao što su pčelinji proizvodi: med, vosak, propolis, mliječ, polen i pčelinji otrov. Međutim, indirektna korist od pčela je

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