BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Knowledge of the association between magnesium (Mg) and hypertension is almost a century old. But controversial reports are available regarding the effect of oral Mg supplementation on Bp and lipid profile hence the present study aims to evaluate serum Mg levels and to assess the effect of oral Mg supplementation on lipid profile and Blood Pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension who were maintained on Atenolol. MATERIALS & METHODS:This study involved 80 subjects out of which 40 were patients of essential hypertension (aged 30-60 years) of either sex, maintained on Atenolol, 40 were age and sex matched non hypertensive controls. After performing the baseline investigations, hypertensive patients and controls were supplemented with 600mg of magnesium oxide (Mgo) in three divided doses daily for a period of 8 weeks and investigated for BP, serum Mg and lipid profile at the end of 8 weeks. RESULTS:The incidence of hypomagnesemia is more in study group and oral supplementation of 600 mg of Mgo daily resulted in a significant elevation of mean serum Mg levels as compared to the baseline which is well correlated with the decrease in the mean levels of Diastolic BP, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and an increase in the mean value of HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia is more in hypertensive patients and beneficial effects are obtained on diastolic BP and lipid profile with oral Mg supplementation. However in order to explain the controversial reports in various other studies, further large scale trials and reproducible and sensitive measures of extra cellular Mg estimation are required.
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The spectrum of bacterial pathogens causes Neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns vary from hospital to hospital. The objectives of this study is to detect the bacterial profile in Neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in neonates admitted in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a descriptive study carried out in the NICU of Department of Paediatrics-Andhra Medical College-King George HospitalVisakhapatnam between July 2016 and December 2016 (6 months). During the study period, blood specimens for culture were drawn from 304 patients admitted for suspected Neonatal sepsis. Neonates were evaluated for bacterial aetiological agents by blood culture and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was analysed. RESULTSThe Blood culture was positive in 51.97% (158/304) of neonates with suspected sepsis, of which 59.49% (94/158) isolates were Gram-negative organisms. The common isolates were Klebsiella (25.95%), S. aureus (20.25%) and E. coli (13.29%). Both Gramnegative and Gram-positive organisms were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone. Majority of the isolates in our study showed highest sensitivity to Piperacillin + Tazobactam, Gentamicin and Cefoperazone + Sulbactam. CONCLUSIONOur study revealed Gram-negative organisms constituted the major group of isolates and Klebsiella being the most predominant organism causing neonatal sepsis in our institute. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Hence, we suggest the institute should formulate an antibiotic policy regarding rational use of antibiotics and implement a surveillance programme on antibiotic resistance.
BACKGROUNDChildren of any age with febrile Urinary tract infection (UTI) can have acute pyelonephritis and subsequent renal scarring. UTI should be treated promptly to prevent possible progression to pyelonephritis. UTI may be suspected based on symptoms or findings on urinalysis or both. Urine culture sensitivity testing is necessary for confirmation and appropriate therapy. Aims and Objectives-The primary aim of the study was to evaluate bacteriological profile and their antibiotic culture sensitivity pattern in culture positive UTI in febrile children. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient clinics of our "Child Health Clinics" between May 2016 and April 2017 (One year). All children aged 0 to 12 years whose urine cultures were positive while evaluating for a febrile illness with suspected UTI were included in the study to evaluate the bacteriological profile and their culture sensitivity patterns. RESULTSSixty nine (69) children with culture positive UTI were enrolled in this study in 1-year period. The most common organism isolated in our study was E. coli (Escherichia coli) 39/ 69 (56.5%) followed by Klebsiella (17.4%), Pseudomonas (13%), Proteus (8.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.4%). Majority of the Gram negative isolates of our study were found sensitive (100%) to broad-spectrum antibiotics such as Imipenem, Meropenem and Tigecycline. Next to them Cefoperazone + Sulbactam was the most effective antibiotic against all four gram negative isolates of our study. The only gram positive isolate of our study, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus was found sensitive (100% -3/3) to Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Azithromycin and Clarithromycin. CONCLUSIONUrinary tract infection should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of fever in children. Escherichia coli is the most common organism causing UTI in children. As resistance to first line antibiotics is increasing, the paediatricians should appreciate the need for urine culture and sensitivity as a part of standard evaluation of febrile children and also, they should monitor the antimicrobial culture sensitivity patterns to choose the appropriate antibiotics to treat the febrile UTI in children to prevent longterm complications.
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